教你在 Kubernetes 上部署 Redis 高可用集群
Redis 介绍
Redis 代表REmote DIctionary Server
是一种开源的内存中数据存储,通常用作数据库,缓存或消息代理。它可以存储和操作高级数据类型,例如列表,地图,集合和排序集合。由于Redis
接受多种格式的密钥,因此可以在服务器上执行操作,从而减少了客户端的工作量。它仅将磁盘用于持久性,而将数据库完全保存在内存中。Redis
是一种流行的数据存储解决方案,并被GitHub
,Pinterest
,Snapchat
,Twitter
,StackOverflow
,Flickr
等技术巨头所使用。
为什么使用 Redis
它的速度非常快。它是用 ANSI C 编写的,并且可以在 POSIX 系统上运行,例如 Linux,Mac OS X 和 Solaris。
Redis 通常被排名为最流行的键/值数据库和最流行的与容器一起使用的 NoSQL 数据库。
其缓存解决方案减少了对云数据库后端的调用次数。
应用程序可以通过其客户端 API 库对其进行访问。
所有流行的编程语言都支持 Redis。
它是开源且稳定的。
什么是 Redis 集群
Redis Cluster 是一组 Redis 实例,旨在通过对数据库进行分区来扩展数据库,从而使其更具弹性。群集中的每个成员(无论是主副本还是辅助副本)都管理哈希槽的子集。如果主机无法访问,则其从机将升级为主机。在由三个主节点组成的最小 Redis 群集中,每个主节点都有一个从节点(以实现最小的故障转移),每个主节点都分配有一个介于 0 到 16,383 之间的哈希槽范围。节点 A 包含从 0 到 5000 的哈希槽,节点 B 从 5001 到 10000,节点 C 从 10001 到 16383。群集内部的通信是通过内部总线进行的,使用协议传播有关群集的信息或发现新节点。
在 Kubernetes 中部署 Redis 集群
在Kubernetes
中部署Redis
集群面临挑战,因为每个 Redis 实例都依赖于一个配置文件,该文件可以跟踪其他集群实例及其角色。为此,我们需要结合使用Kubernetes StatefulSets
和PersistentVolumes
。
克隆部署文件
git clone https://github.com/llmgo/redis-sts.git
创建 statefulset 类型资源
[root@node01 redis-sts]# cat redis-sts.yml ---apiVersion: v1kind: ConfigMapmetadata: name: redis-clusterdata: update-node.sh: | #!/bin/sh REDIS_NODES='/data/nodes.conf' sed -i -e '/myself/ s/[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}/${POD_IP}/' ${REDIS_NODES} exec '$@' redis.conf: |+ cluster-enabled yes cluster-require-full-coverage no cluster-node-timeout 15000 cluster-config-file /data/nodes.conf cluster-migration-barrier 1 appendonly yes protected-mode no---apiVersion: apps/v1kind: StatefulSetmetadata: name: redis-clusterspec: serviceName: redis-cluster replicas: 6 selector: matchLabels: app: redis-cluster template: metadata: labels: app: redis-cluster spec: containers: - name: redis image: redis:5.0.5-alpine ports: - containerPort: 6379 name: client - containerPort: 16379 name: gossip command: ['/conf/update-node.sh', 'redis-server', '/conf/redis.conf'] env: - name: POD_IP valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: status.podIP volumeMounts: - name: conf mountPath: /conf readOnly: false - name: data mountPath: /data readOnly: false volumes: - name: conf configMap: name: redis-cluster defaultMode: 0755 volumeClaimTemplates: - metadata: name: data spec: accessModes: [ 'ReadWriteOnce' ] resources: requests: storage: 5Gi storageClassName: standard$ kubectl apply -f redis-sts.ymlconfigmap/redis-cluster createdstatefulset.apps/redis-cluster created$ kubectl get pods -l app=redis-clusterNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGEredis-cluster-0 1/1 Running 0 53sredis-cluster-1 1/1 Running 0 49sredis-cluster-2 1/1 Running 0 46sredis-cluster-3 1/1 Running 0 42sredis-cluster-4 1/1 Running 0 38sredis-cluster-5 1/1 Running 0 34s
创建 service
[root@node01 redis-sts]# cat redis-svc.yml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: redis-cluster
spec:
type: ClusterIP
clusterIP: 10.96.0.100
ports:
- port: 6379
targetPort: 6379
name: client
- port: 16379
targetPort: 16379
name: gossip
selector:
app: redis-cluster
$ kubectl apply -f redis-svc.yml
service/redis-cluster created
$ kubectl get svc redis-cluster
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
redis-cluster ClusterIP 10.96.0.100 <none> 6379/TCP,16379/TCP 35s
初始化 redis cluster
“
下一步是形成
Redis
集群。为此,我们运行以下命令并键入yes
以接受配置。前三个节点成为主节点,后三个节点成为从节点。
$ kubectl exec -it redis-cluster-0 -- redis-cli --cluster create --cluster-replicas 1 $(kubectl get pods -l app=redis-cluster -o jsonpath='{range.items[*]}{.status.podIP}:6379 ')
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes... Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460 Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922 Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383 Adding replica 10.244.2.11:6379 to 10.244.9.19:6379 Adding replica 10.244.9.20:6379 to 10.244.6.10:6379 Adding replica 10.244.8.15:6379 to 10.244.7.8:6379 M: 00721c43db194c8f2cacbafd01fd2be6a2fede28 10.244.9.19:6379 slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master M: 9c36053912dec8cb20a599bda202a654f241484f 10.244.6.10:6379 slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master M: 2850f24ea6367de58fb50e632fc56fe4ba5ef016 10.244.7.8:6379 slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master S: 554a58762e3dce23ca5a75886d0ccebd2d582502 10.244.8.15:6379 replicates 2850f24ea6367de58fb50e632fc56fe4ba5ef016 S: 20028fd0b79045489824eda71fac9898f17af896 10.244.2.11:6379 replicates 00721c43db194c8f2cacbafd01fd2be6a2fede28 S: 87e8987e314e4e5d4736e5818651abc1ed6ddcd9 10.244.9.20:6379 replicates 9c36053912dec8cb20a599bda202a654f241484f Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes >>> Nodes configuration updated >>> Assign a different config epoch to each node >>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster Waiting for the cluster to join ... >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 10.244.9.19:6379) M: 00721c43db194c8f2cacbafd01fd2be6a2fede28 10.244.9.19:6379 slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) M: 9c36053912dec8cb20a599bda202a654f241484f 10.244.6.10:6379 slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) S: 87e8987e314e4e5d4736e5818651abc1ed6ddcd9 10.244.9.20:6379 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates 9c36053912dec8cb20a599bda202a654f241484f S: 554a58762e3dce23ca5a75886d0ccebd2d582502 10.244.8.15:6379 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates 2850f24ea6367de58fb50e632fc56fe4ba5ef016 S: 20028fd0b79045489824eda71fac9898f17af896 10.244.2.11:6379 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates 00721c43db194c8f2cacbafd01fd2be6a2fede28 M: 2850f24ea6367de58fb50e632fc56fe4ba5ef016 10.244.7.8:6379 slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration. >>> Check for open slots... >>> Check slots coverage... [OK] All 16384 slots covered.
验证集群
[root@node01 redis-sts]# kubectl exec -it redis-cluster-0 -- redis-cli cluster info
cluster_state:ok
cluster_slots_assigned:16384
cluster_slots_ok:16384
cluster_slots_pfail:0
cluster_slots_fail:0
cluster_known_nodes:6
cluster_size:3
cluster_current_epoch:6
cluster_my_epoch:1
cluster_stats_messages_ping_sent:16
cluster_stats_messages_pong_sent:22
cluster_stats_messages_sent:38
cluster_stats_messages_ping_received:17
cluster_stats_messages_pong_received:16
cluster_stats_messages_meet_received:5
cluster_stats_messages_received:38
[root@node01 redis-sts]# for x in $(seq 0 5); do echo 'redis-cluster-$x'; kubectl exec redis-cluster-$x -- redis-cli role; echo; done
redis-cluster-0
master
14
10.244.2.11
6379
14
redis-cluster-1
master
28
10.244.9.20
6379
28
redis-cluster-2
master
28
10.244.8.15
6379
28
redis-cluster-3
slave
10.244.7.8
6379
connected
28
redis-cluster-4
slave
10.244.9.19
6379
connected
14
redis-cluster-5
slave
10.244.6.10
6379
connected
28
测试集群
我们想使用集群,然后模拟节点的故障。对于前一项任务,我们将部署一个简单的 Python 应用程序,而对于后者,我们将删除一个节点并观察集群行为。
部署点击计数器应用
我们将一个简单的应用程序部署到集群中,并在其前面放置一个负载平衡器。此应用程序的目的是在将计数器值作为 HTTP 响应返回之前,增加计数器并将其存储在 Redis 集群中。
$ kubectl apply -f app-deployment-service.yml service/hit-counter-lb created deployment.apps/hit-counter-app created
在此过程中,如果我们继续加载页面,计数器将继续增加,并且在删除Pod之后,我们看到没有数据丢失。
$ curl `kubectl get svc hit-counter-lb -o json|jq -r .spec.clusterIP`
I have been hit 20 times since deployment.
$ curl `kubectl get svc hit-counter-lb -o json|jq -r .spec.clusterIP`
I have been hit 21 times since deployment.
$ curl `kubectl get svc hit-counter-lb -o json|jq -r .spec.clusterIP`
I have been hit 22 times since deployment.
$ kubectl delete pods redis-cluster-0
pod 'redis-cluster-0' deleted
$ kubectl delete pods redis-cluster-1
pod 'redis-cluster-1' deleted
$ curl `kubectl get svc hit-counter-lb -o json|jq -r .spec.clusterIP`
I have been hit 23 times since deployment.
参考文档
[redis-cluster集群配置1] http://llmgo.cn/post/redis-003/
[redis-cluster集群配置2] http://www.yunweipai.com/36338.html
[Redis集群 cluster-slot操作指令] https://blog.csdn.net/shuyun123456789/article/details/60868718
原文链接:http://tinyurl.com/vpihglin
文章转自: 奇妙的Linux世界