最强84岁“精神小伙”!钟南山院士原来是这么保养的

人类究竟能活多久?我们如何才能达到寿命极限?这些问题多年来让人困惑,没个确切回答。影响人类寿命长度的因素,一直以来也是钟南山院士关注的话题,他曾在一次交流会上提出了自己的看法。

“一日寿,百二十岁也”,钟老认为,根据端粒学说计算,人类的最长寿命可以达到120岁端粒作为生物体的生命时钟,伴随细胞分裂不断缩短。当端粒缩短到一定限度时(此时细胞分裂约50次),细胞便停止生长走向凋亡[1]。

图注:钟南山院士讲述端粒学说

兴许是较强抗衰意识加持,今年已近85岁高龄的钟老,不似寻常耄耋老人佝偻蹒跚,却更像个精神小伙:精神矍铄、步履矫健

图注:钟南山院士上台接受“共和国勋章”荣誉授予

看到钟老的状态,即便是身为抗衰达人的派派也羡慕不已。于是,笔者广泛搜集、整理了钟老的抗衰心得,以期能从中习得奥义一二。

规律作息:日出而作,日落而息

工作时间里,钟老忙碌在临床与研究一线,工作算不上轻松,但休息时间里,他几乎从不熬夜,早睡早起。一般在晚间11点半入睡,固定在早晨7点起床,每晚约7个半小时睡眠,很符合当下研究提出的6-8小时最佳睡眠时间[2]。

此外,钟老还常在午间“打个盹”,时间会在半小时左右。而早前的研究也发现,每天半小时内的午休,能显著降低脂肪肝中心性肥胖血脂异常概率,但午睡超过一小时,不仅对健康无益,还可能让脂肪肝、糖尿病等疾病有机可乘[3],甚至还大幅提升了死亡率[4]。

钟老几十年如一日、雷打不动的规律作息,或许是他能一直保持充沛精力的好方法。践行适合自己的规律作息可能是走向长寿的第一步。

科学饮食:养生之道,莫先于食

良好的作息让钟老即使高龄也有个好胃口,他对健康饮食的看法是:每餐不过饱饮食分配好三少两多更健康[1]。

#No.1

每餐不过饱

钟老多年来极为推崇“腹八分目(吃饭八分饱)”的饮食习惯,从不会让自己吃得过饱。

关于少吃一口延年益寿热量限制CR)理论,派派在往期推文中可是花了大精力来介绍(文末点击阅读原文查看往期推文),它真能算上是当前最简单有效抗衰手段。居住在日本长寿地冲绳的人们,其高寿便归因于每日饮食减少11%左右的热量摄入[5]。

“饮食劳倦则伤脾”,过饱会影响脑内纤维细胞生长因子活化,造成肠粘膜氧化应激损伤脂质代谢异常胰岛素抵抗,进而全面加速衰老[6-8]。可以说是吃饱一时爽,爽完火葬场。

#No.2

饮食分配好

有限总量的前提下,钟老还会按照一定比例去合理分配一日三餐的摄入[1]。

图注:钟南山院士介绍每日三餐饮食分配,

并公布个人早餐

其中,我们尤其能感到钟老对早餐的关注。一份营养丰富的早餐不仅让你元气满满开始全新一天,还能帮助降低动脉粥样硬化风险[9]。并且,早餐吃不好,剩下两餐也可能白吃,早餐错失的营养素通常无法在随后的膳食中得到补偿[10]。

#No.3

三少两多更健康

少吃红肉、少吃高盐食物、少食果糖浆

减少肉类中红肉摄入比例,多食用鲑鱼鳕鱼等优质白肉,可及时补充omega-3不饱和脂肪酸消炎抗氧化降血压调血脂改善血管内皮功能豪华大礼包即刻轻松拥有[11]。

多吃鱼肉,同样也得到延寿经典地中海饮食[12]力荐,看来鱼肉是真好!

再说到低盐饮食顶级医学杂志柳叶刀》曾发表一项大型评估分析,综合195个国家长达27年的饮食数据后,发现高盐摄入是影响人类健康的“最强饮食杀手”[13]。

图注:2017年全球水平上饮食因素致死率排名

高盐易导致血压升高,且血压的盐敏感性还会随着年龄的增长而增加[14]。也正是由于控制了盐的摄入,”新秀“DASH饮食才能拥有全方位降三高、防痴呆、防癌的神奇抗衰功效[15]。

而最后一点“少食果糖浆”,更是由于糖分过量摄入,小到让人长痘、发胖,大到会增加糖尿病肠道肿瘤等多种疾病风险[16]。

多吃杂粮、全谷物,多吃水果蔬菜

年少不经事时,以为长辈们“多吃杂粮、水果蔬菜”的劝说只是唠叨。但事实上,多项研究证实,摄入全谷物有助于补充膳食纤维B族维生素等[17, 18],而多数水果与蔬菜由于含有多酚黄酮等物质,对预防心血管疾病癌症好处多多[19]!

蛮多时候,咱们还需要:

正确运动:户枢不蠹,流水不腐

正确运动有利于延年益寿。对于不同年龄阶段,钟老认为正确运动的方式有所差异。比如中青年阶段,可以多尝试竞技类运动(如篮球、足球、马拉松、游泳)[20]。

此类较高负荷运动能改善肌力肌耐力[21],并可能通过影响多种信号通路(如AMPK[22]、mTORC1[23])最终对骨骼肌产生益处,还能改善心脏功能延长预期寿命[24]。

而随着年龄增长,进行体质与体能锻炼更为重要,走路慢跑太极都是很好的选择[20]。

如走进公园广场(甚至高校校园)、走出国门的太极,其作为一种很好的有氧运动,能通过增加心肺适应性(如最大摄氧量和肌肉氧化能力)[25],改善身体机能(包括活动耐受性和心血管功能)、老年时期认知能力免疫功能[26-28]。

图注:太极的特点及对人类健康益处,

来源:汉化自[29]

积极心态:莫道桑榆晚,为霞尚满天

最好的医生是自己健康的一半是心理健康疾病的一半是心理疾病[30]”。钟老还是个很注重日常心态调节、始终保持追求的人。

积极心态改善机体健康并非玄学,它有助于控制体内皮质醇激素水平,降低炎症[31],并调节关联基因(如ANK3[32])的表达。从而改善机体神经内分泌心血管免疫系统健康[33-34],降低衰老相关疾病的发病率致死率[34]。

图注:钟南山院士谈心态重要性

此外,钟老还笑谈到,当自己感受压力时,会尝试腹式呼吸,用深呼吸来调节心率[30]。深呼吸可以增强大脑心理的灵活性,影响副交感神经中枢神经系统活动[35],显著降低皮质醇水平[36]。

如此简单易行还不花钱的方法,大家不妨也来试试看。

时光派点评

从规律作息到饮食运动再到心态调节,钟老的抗衰路径可谓目的明确又环环相扣。近85岁高龄,还能拥有良好的精神状态和健壮体魄,便是他践行效果的最好证明。

同时,钟老本人较强的健康预防意识也不得不提,他认为“不治已病,治未病“,只有及时关注自身健康状况,定期体检,才能做到疾病的早发现、早治疗。

时光派一直认为,衰老和一些寻常疾病,像是感冒,极为相似,是可防可治的。只要及时援以适当的干预,我们完全可以延缓,甚至治愈这种疾病。

那么,衰老干预应从何时开始,又该从哪些层面切入,这将是长寿科技领域亟需思考、解决的难题,也欢迎读者与我们交流见解与心得。

—— TIMEPIE ——

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那就点进时光派主页关注#健康#
#健康养生# #健康科普# #健康生活# #抗衰老# #早睡早起#

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