俄国杰出的批判现实主义画家伊里亚·叶菲莫维奇·列宾油画作品赏读
伊里亚·叶菲莫维奇·列宾（Илья Ефимович Репин ，1844年8月5日—1930年9月29日）是十九世纪后期伟大的俄国批判现实主义画家。1844年8月5日生于乌克兰丘古耶夫省的楚古耶夫镇，1930年9月29日卒于库奥卡拉。早年随圣像画师学画圣像，1864年进入皇家美术学院，1871年参加毕业生命题创作竞赛获金质大奖。
1876年回国后，坚持在乡村和民间写生，并且和革命民主主义知识分子保持密切的往来。他的《宣传者的被捕》、《拒绝仟悔》、《意外归来》都是以革命者的斗争生活为题材的优秀作品。而对俄罗斯历史事件的关注更引起他对历史画创作的强烈欲望，《1581年11月16日伊凡雷帝和被他杀死的儿子》、《索菲亚公主》以及《扎波罗什人给土耳其苏丹复信》等。1930年9月29日病逝于故乡。
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列宾一生创作都非常勤奋，对每幅画都精益求精，他不仅是俄罗斯民族的骄傲，在世界美术史上也占有举足轻重的地位。
1870—1873年创作《伏尔加河上的纤夫》。为了创作这幅描绘沙皇统治下俄国人民痛苦生活的作品，他两度到伏尔加去，深入观察纤夫生活，使画面上的纤夫既是生活在社会底层受压迫的人，又是具有坚强毅力的生活的强者，表现了人民的强大力量和精神美。
1873年去法国进修，绘画技巧得到进一步提高。
1876年回国后借助小城镇的宗教习俗画的一系列风俗画，反映了农村中由于资本主义的发展而导致阶级分化的加剧。他的历史画也很出色。代表作《索菲亚公主》和《伊凡雷帝杀子》、《查波罗什人写信给苏丹王》表现了悲剧性冲突，刻画了复杂的历史人物精神面貌和心理变化。他还用画笔描绘了19世纪后期俄国民粹派反对沙皇专制的政治斗争，代表作有《拒绝临刑前的忏悔》、《不期而至》、《宣传者被捕》等。他也是一位肖像画家，他把为同时代名人画像看作是最有意义的事情。
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1870～1873年创作《伏尔加河上的纤夫》。为了创作这幅描绘沙皇统治下俄国人民痛苦生活的作品，他两度到伏尔加去，深入观
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