【原创】python3+PyQt5 动画和复杂形状
本文通过Python3+PyQt5实现《pythonQt Gui快速编程》这本书的千足蛇动画程序，采用QGraphicsView，QGraphicsScene，QGraphicsItem，这个程序包含有多个文本，图片和框的页面。有些图形类在PyQt5已过时，所以本代码改动幅度比较大。本文实现复杂形状动画内容，一种通过项自身定时器，另一种采用窗口超时处理程序来实现项目移动碰撞等功能。
import math
import random
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import (QTimer, QPointF, QRectF, Qt)
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QDialog,
QGraphicsItem, QGraphicsScene, QGraphicsView, QHBoxLayout,
QPushButton, QSlider,QVBoxLayout)
from PyQt5.QtGui import (QBrush,QColor,QPainter,QPainterPath,QPolygonF)
SCENESIZE = 500
INTERVAL = 1
class Head(QGraphicsItem):
Rect =QRectF(-30, -20, 60, 40)
def__init__(self, color, angle, position):
super(Head, self).__init__()
self.color = color
self.angle = angle
self.setPos(position)
defboundingRect(self):
return Head.Rect
defshape(self):
path = QPainterPath()
path.addEllipse(Head.Rect)
return path
defpaint(self, painter, option, widget=None):
painter.setPen(Qt.NoPen)
painter.setBrush(QBrush(self.color))
painter.drawEllipse(Head.Rect)
if option.levelOfDetailFromTransform(self.transform()) > 0.5: #Outer eyes
painter.setBrush(QBrush(Qt.yellow))
painter.drawEllipse(-12, -19, 8, 8)
painter.drawEllipse(-12, 11, 8, 8)
if option.levelOfDetailFromTransform(self.transform())> 0.8: #Inner eyes
painter.setBrush(QBrush(Qt.darkBlue))
painter.drawEllipse(-12, -19, 4, 4)
painter.drawEllipse(-12, 11, 4, 4)
if option.levelOfDetailFromTransform(self.transform()) > 0.9: #Nostrils
painter.setBrush(QBrush(Qt.white))
painter.drawEllipse(-27, -5, 2, 2)
painter.drawEllipse(-27, 3, 2, 2)
defadvance(self, phase):
if phase == 0:
angle = self.angle
while True:
flipper = 1
angle += random.random() * random.choice((-1, 1))
offset = flipper * random.random()
x = self.x() + (offset * math.sin(math.radians(angle)))
y = self.y() + (offset * math.cos(math.radians(angle)))
if 0 <= x <= SCENESIZE and 0 <= y <= SCENESIZE:
break
else:
flipper = -1 if flipper == 1 else 1
self.angle = angle
self.position = QPointF(x, y)
else:
self.setRotation(random.random() * random.choice((-1, 1)))
self.setPos(self.position)
if self.scene():
for item in self.scene().collidingItems(self):
if isinstance(item, Head):
self.color.setRed(min(255, self.color.red() + 1))
else:
item.color.setBlue(min(255, item.color.blue() + 1))
class Segment(QGraphicsItem):
def__init__(self, color, offset, parent):
super(Segment, self).__init__(parent)
self.color = color
self.rect = QRectF(offset, -20, 30, 40)
self.path = QPainterPath()
self.path.addEllipse(self.rect)
x = offset + 15
y = -20
self.path.addPolygon(QPolygonF([QPointF(x, y),
QPointF(x - 5, y - 12), QPointF(x - 5, y)]))
self.path.closeSubpath()
y = 20
self.path.addPolygon(QPolygonF([QPointF(x, y),
QPointF(x - 5, y + 12), QPointF(x - 5, y)]))
self.path.closeSubpath()
self.change = 1
self.angle = 0
defboundingRect(self):
return self.path.boundingRect()
defshape(self):
return self.path
defpaint(self, painter, option, widget=None):
painter.setPen(Qt.NoPen)
painter.setBrush(QBrush(self.color))
if option.levelOfDetailFromTransform(self.transform()) <0.9:
painter.drawEllipse(self.rect)
else:
painter.drawPath(self.path)
defadvance(self, phase):
if phase == 0:
matrix = self.transform()
matrix.reset()
self.setTransform(matrix)
self.angle += self.change * random.random()
if self.angle > 4.5:
self.change = -1
self.angle -= 0.00001
elif self.angle < -4.5:
self.change = 1
self.angle += 0.00001
elif phase == 1:
self.setRotation(self.angle)
class MainForm(QDialog):
def__init__(self, parent=None):
super(MainForm, self).__init__(parent)
self.running = False
self.scene = QGraphicsScene(self)
self.scene.setSceneRect(0, 0, SCENESIZE, SCENESIZE)
self.scene.setItemIndexMethod(QGraphicsScene.NoIndex)
self.view = QGraphicsView()
self.view.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing)
self.view.setScene(self.scene)
self.view.setFocusPolicy(Qt.NoFocus)
zoomSlider = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal)
zoomSlider.setRange(5, 200)
zoomSlider.setValue(100)
self.pauseButton = QPushButton("Pa&use")
quitButton = QPushButton("&Quit")
quitButton.setFocusPolicy(Qt.NoFocus)
layout = QVBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(self.view)
bottomLayout = QHBoxLayout()
bottomLayout.addWidget(self.pauseButton)
bottomLayout.addWidget(zoomSlider)
bottomLayout.addWidget(quitButton)
layout.addLayout(bottomLayout)
self.setLayout(layout)
zoomSlider.valueChanged[int].connect(self.zoom)
quitButton.clicked.connect(self.accept)
self.populate()
self.startTimer(INTERVAL)
self.setWindowTitle("Multipedes")
defzoom(self, value):
factor = value / 100.0
matrix=self.view.transform()
matrix.reset()
matrix.scale(factor, factor)
self.view.setTransform(matrix)
defpauseOrResume(self):
self.running = not self.running
self.pauseButton.setText("Pa&use" if self.running else"Res&ume")
defpopulate(self):
red, green, blue = 0, 150, 0
for i in range(random.randint(6, 10)):
angle = random.randint(0, 360)
offset = random.randint(0, SCENESIZE // 2)
half = SCENESIZE / 2
x = half + (offset * math.sin(math.radians(angle)))
y = half + (offset * math.cos(math.radians(angle)))
color = QColor(red, green, blue)
head = Head(color, angle, QPointF(x, y))
color = QColor(red, green + random.randint(10, 60), blue)
offset = 25
segment = Segment(color, offset, head)
for j in range(random.randint(3, 7)):
offset += 25
segment = Segment(color, offset, segment)
head.setRotation(random.randint(0, 360))
self.scene.addItem(head)
self.running = True
deftimerEvent(self, event):
if not self.running:
return
dead = set()
items = self.scene.items()
if len(items) == 0:
self.populate()
return
heads = set()
for item in items:
if isinstance(item, Head):
heads.add(item)
if item.color.red() == 255 and random.random() > 0.75:
dead.add(item)
if len(heads) == 1:
dead = heads
del heads
while dead:
item = dead.pop()
self.scene.removeItem(item)
del item
self.scene.advance()
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = MainForm()
rect = QApplication.desktop().availableGeometry()
form.resize(int(rect.width() * 0.75), int(rect.height() *0.9))
form.show()
app.exec_()
import math
import random
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import (QTimer, QPointF, QRectF, Qt)
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QDialog,
QGraphicsItem, QGraphicsScene, QGraphicsView, QHBoxLayout,
QPushButton, QSlider,QVBoxLayout)
from PyQt5.QtGui import (QBrush,QColor,QPainter,QPainterPath,QPolygonF)
SCENESIZE = 500
INTERVAL = 1
Running = False
class Head(QGraphicsItem):
Rect =QRectF(-30, -20, 60, 40)
def__init__(self, color, angle, position):
super(Head, self).__init__()
self.color = color
self.angle = angle
self.setPos(position)
self.timer = QTimer()
self.timer.timeout.connect(self.timeout)
self.timer.start(INTERVAL)
defboundingRect(self):
return Head.Rect
defshape(self):
path = QPainterPath()
path.addEllipse(Head.Rect)
return path
defpaint(self, painter, option, widget=None):
painter.setPen(Qt.NoPen)
painter.setBrush(QBrush(self.color))
painter.drawEllipse(Head.Rect)
ifoption.levelOfDetailFromTransform(self.transform()) > 0.5: # Outer eyes
painter.setBrush(QBrush(Qt.yellow))
painter.drawEllipse(-12, -19, 8, 8)
painter.drawEllipse(-12, 11, 8, 8)
ifoption.levelOfDetailFromTransform(self.transform()) > 0.8: # Inner eyes
painter.setBrush(QBrush(Qt.darkBlue))
painter.drawEllipse(-12, -19, 4, 4)
painter.drawEllipse(-12, 11, 4, 4)
ifoption.levelOfDetailFromTransform(self.transform()) > 0.9: # Nostrils
painter.setBrush(QBrush(Qt.white))
painter.drawEllipse(-27, -5, 2, 2)
painter.drawEllipse(-27, 3, 2, 2)
deftimeout(self):
if not Running:
return
angle = self.angle
while True:
flipper = 1
angle += random.random() * random.choice((-1, 1))
offset = flipper * random.random()
x = self.x() + (offset * math.sin(math.radians(angle)))
y = self.y() + (offset * math.cos(math.radians(angle)))
if 0 <= x <= SCENESIZE and 0 <= y <= SCENESIZE:
break
else:
flipper = -1 if flipper == 1 else 1
self.angle = angle
self.setRotation(random.random() * random.choice((-1, 1)))
self.setPos(QPointF(x, y))
if self.scene():
for item in self.scene().collidingItems(self):
if isinstance(item, Head):
self.color.setRed(min(255, self.color.red() + 1))
else:
item.color.setBlue(min(255, item.color.blue() + 1))
class Segment(QGraphicsItem):
def__init__(self, color, offset, parent):
super(Segment, self).__init__(parent)
self.color = color
self.rect = QRectF(offset, -20, 30, 40)
self.path = QPainterPath()
self.path.addEllipse(self.rect)
x = offset + 15
y = -20
self.path.addPolygon(QPolygonF([QPointF(x, y),
QPointF(x - 5, y - 12), QPointF(x - 5, y)]))
self.path.closeSubpath()
y = 20
self.path.addPolygon(QPolygonF([QPointF(x, y),
QPointF(x - 5, y + 12), QPointF(x - 5, y)]))
self.path.closeSubpath()
self.change = 1
self.angle = 0
self.timer = QTimer()
self.timer.timeout.connect(self.timeout)
self.timer.start(INTERVAL)
defboundingRect(self):
return self.path.boundingRect()
defshape(self):
return self.path
defpaint(self, painter, option, widget=None):
painter.setPen(Qt.NoPen)
painter.setBrush(QBrush(self.color))
ifoption.levelOfDetailFromTransform(self.transform()) < 0.9:
painter.drawEllipse(self.rect)
else:
painter.drawPath(self.path)
deftimeout(self):
if not Running:
return
matrix = self.transform()
matrix.reset()
self.setTransform(matrix)
self.angle += self.change * random.random()
if self.angle > 4.5:
self.change = -1
self.angle -= 0.00001
elif self.angle < -4.5:
self.change = 1
self.angle += 0.00001
self.setRotation(self.angle)
class MainForm(QDialog):
def__init__(self, parent=None):
super(MainForm, self).__init__(parent)
self.scene = QGraphicsScene(self)
self.scene.setSceneRect(0, 0, SCENESIZE, SCENESIZE)
self.scene.setItemIndexMethod(QGraphicsScene.NoIndex)
self.view = QGraphicsView()
self.view.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing)
self.view.setScene(self.scene)
self.view.setFocusPolicy(Qt.NoFocus)
zoomSlider = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal)
zoomSlider.setRange(5, 200)
zoomSlider.setValue(100)
self.pauseButton = QPushButton("Pa&use")
quitButton = QPushButton("&Quit")
quitButton.setFocusPolicy(Qt.NoFocus)
layout = QVBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(self.view)
bottomLayout = QHBoxLayout()
bottomLayout.addWidget(self.pauseButton)
bottomLayout.addWidget(zoomSlider)
bottomLayout.addWidget(quitButton)
layout.addLayout(bottomLayout)
self.setLayout(layout)
zoomSlider.valueChanged[int].connect(self.zoom)
self.pauseButton.clicked.connect(self.pauseOrResume)
quitButton.clicked.connect(self.accept)
self.populate()
self.startTimer(INTERVAL)
self.setWindowTitle("Multipedes")
defzoom(self, value):
factor = value / 100.0
matrix=self.view.transform()
matrix.reset()
matrix.scale(factor, factor)
self.view.setTransform(matrix)
defpauseOrResume(self):
global Running
Running = not Running
self.pauseButton.setText("Pa&use" if Running else"Res&ume")
defpopulate(self):
red, green, blue = 0, 150, 0
for i in range(random.randint(6, 10)):
angle = random.randint(0, 360)
offset = random.randint(0, SCENESIZE // 2)
half = SCENESIZE / 2
x = half + (offset * math.sin(math.radians(angle)))
y = half + (offset * math.cos(math.radians(angle)))
color = QColor(red, green, blue)
head = Head(color, angle, QPointF(x, y))
color = QColor(red, green + random.randint(10, 60), blue)
offset = 25
segment = Segment(color, offset, head)
for j in range(random.randint(3, 7)):
offset += 25
segment = Segment(color, offset, segment)
head.setRotation(random.randint(0, 360))
self.scene.addItem(head)
global Running
Running = True
deftimerEvent(self, event):
if not Running:
return
dead = set()
items = self.scene.items()
if len(items) == 0:
self.populate()
return
heads = set()
for item in items:
if isinstance(item, Head):
heads.add(item)
if item.color.red() == 255 and random.random() > 0.75:
dead.add(item)
if len(heads) == 1:
dead = heads
del heads
while dead:
item = dead.pop()
self.scene.removeItem(item)
del item
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = MainForm()
rect = QApplication.desktop().availableGeometry()
form.resize(int(rect.width() * 0.75), int(rect.height() *0.9))
form.show()
app.exec_()
