【11/28 今日美史】霍普韦尔条约

今

日

美

史

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11/28

Treaty of Hopewell

When

Where

Who

What

When: 1785

Where: Hopewell Plantation, South Carolina

Who：

US Representative Benjamin Hawkins and Cherokees

What：

In one of the earliest treaties between the new United States and Native Tribes, the first Treaty of Hopewell was signed recognizing the westward boundary of American expansion and guaranteed the preservation of Indian lands beyond.  The following year a second treaty was signed with the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes.

Why

significant

While noble in effort, even at the signing the Native leaders complained that there were already up to 3000 white settlers on their side of the boundary that was being declared inviolate.  This was unfortunately typical of US policy, that while the government would not violate the treaty it did little to enforce it or prevent Americans from crossing the borders.  The irony was that if any whites were harmed, the US government would apply pressure upon the Natives, often in the form of a newer treaty with the Natives being pushed to smaller parcels of land, or, as what happened in the 1820s removed to entirely new lands further out west (Trail of Tears).

Tags

Cherokee Lands, “Civilized Tribes”, the Treaty Oak, “Talking Leaves.”