自由女神像下有首诗？
"Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free."
“把你,
那劳瘁贫贱的流民
那向往自由呼吸,又被无情抛弃
那拥挤于彼岸悲惨哀吟
那骤雨暴风中翻覆的惊魂
全都给我!”
These iconic words from "The New Colossus," the 1883 poem written by American Emma Lazarus etched in bronze and mounted on the Statue of Liberty's pedestal, have again been catapulted into a heated political debate on immigration.
1883年，美国诗人艾玛·拉撒勒斯创作了一首名为《新的巨人》的诗，这首诗被镌刻在青铜上，安放在自由女神像的基座上。
The Trump administration announced a "public charge" rule on Monday that could drastically limit legal immigration by denying green cards for those who qualify for food stamps, Medicaid, housing vouchers and various forms of public assistance.
特朗普政府周一宣布了一项“公共收费”规定，对那些有资格获得食品券、医疗补助计划、住房券和各种形式的公共援助的人拒绝发放绿卡，这可能会大幅限制合法移民。
Some reporters invoked "The New Colossus" when asking acting Director of the Citizenship and Immigration Services office Ken Cuccinelli about the new rule.
一些记者在询问美国公民和移民服务办公室代理主任肯·库奇内利对新规定的看法时，援引了“新的巨人”诗中的说法。
In defending the policy, Cuccinelli suggested to us on Tuesday that those lines should be rewritten to say "give me your tired and your poor who can stand on their own two feet and who will not become a public charge."
在为这项政策辩护时，库奇内利周二向我们建议，应该改写这两句话，说“把你的疲惫和你的穷人给我，他们能自立，不会成为公众的负担。”
According to Alan Kraut, a professor of history at American University, language restricting immigration for those likely to become a public charge appeared in U.S. legislation as early as 1891, and throughout its history, the United States has courted immigrants but simultaneously "repelled them and was very not welcoming to [them] when they arrived."
根据美国大学的一名历史教授，阿兰·克劳特的说法，限制移民的语言早在1891年就出现在了美国法律中，纵观历史，美国一直在追求移民，但同时又“排斥他们，当他们来到美国时也不欢迎他们”。
Since then, the Statue of Liberty has evoked passionate feelings as a symbol of freedom and immigration -- and America's push and pull with it.
从那以后，自由女神像作为自由和移民的象征和推动力，引发了人们的热情。
The Statue of Liberty was the idea of Edouard Laboulaye, a French abolitionist and jurist, who wanted to gift the United States something to symbolize freedom after the Civil War to also serve as a reminder of France and America's friendship, according to the National Parks Service.
自由女神像是法国废奴主义者和法学家爱德华·拉波拉耶的主意。据国家公园管理局说，拉波拉耶想给美国赠送一些象征内战后自由的东西，同时也作为法国和美国友谊的象征。
"When Edouard Laboulaye, the French abolitionist, came up with the idea of the Statue as a gift from the French people to Americans, his intent was to celebrate the end of slavery in the United States," Maria Cristina Garcia, a professor of American studies and history at Cornell University, told us via email.
“当法国废奴主义者爱德华·拉波拉耶想到把雕像作为法国人给美国人的礼物时,他的目的是庆祝美国奴隶制的终结,”康奈尔大学美国研究教授和历史的玛丽亚克里斯蒂娜·加西亚通过电子邮件告诉我们。
"One early draft of the statue had Lady Liberty holding broken shackles in her hand. The shackles are now located at her feet, and are barely visible unless you are very high up (by helicopter, for example), which is one reason why Americans have forgotten this history."
“在雕像的早期草稿中，自由女神手里拿着破碎的脚镣。现在脚镣就在她脚边，除非你站在很高的地方(比如坐直升机)，否则几乎看不见脚镣，这也是有些美国人忘记这段历史的原因之一。”
The statue was designed by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, who, according to Kraut, was inspired by ancient symbols, including Libertas, the Roman goddess of liberty.
这座雕像是由弗雷德里克·奥古斯特·巴托尔迪设计的，据克劳特说，巴托尔迪的灵感来自古代的象征，包括罗马自由女神自由女神。
"Initially, immigration was not one of the things that inspired the Statue of Liberty for Laboulaye or Bartholdi but there was a transformation and Lazarus's poem is part of that transformation," Kraut, who chairs the History Advisory Committee of the Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island, said in a phone call with us.
“一开始的时候，移民并不是拉波拉耶或者巴托尔迪想要的自由女神像的灵感之，不过后来有所转变，拉萨勒斯的诗就是转变后的结果之一，”自由埃利斯岛雕像历史咨询委员会主席克劳特在电话中告诉我们。
Lazarus was a young poet and social activist living in New York City of Portuguese Sephardic Jewish descent who could trace her roots back to the first Jews who came to North America, according to the National Park Service.
拉萨勒斯是一位年轻的诗人和社会活动家，也是生活在纽约市的葡萄牙裔西班牙裔犹太人后裔，据美国国家公园管理局称，她的根源可以追溯到第一批来到北美的犹太人。
Three years before the Statue of Liberty was dedicated in Bedloe's Island in the New York harbor, Lazarus was asked to write a poem as part of an arts festival to help raise money for the statue's pedestal.
在自由女神像在纽约港贝德罗岛落成前三年，拉萨勒斯被要求写一首诗作为艺术节的一部分，为自由女神像的基座筹集资金。
The poem's title, "The New Colossus," was inspired by "The Colossus of Rhodes" -- the ancient statue of the Greek sun-god Helios on the island of Rhodes.
这首诗的标题是“新的巨人”灵感来源于“罗德岛上的巨人”——即罗德岛上希腊太阳神赫利俄斯的古代雕像。
At the time, Lazarus was involved in charitable work for refugees and was active in aiding Russian Jews who were trying to escape to the United States.
当时，拉萨勒斯参与了难民慈善工作，并积极帮助试图逃往美国的俄罗斯犹太人。
According to Kraut, "Immigration and freedom of the oppressed was very much on her mind when writing this poem."
据克劳特说，“写这首诗时，移民和被压迫人民的自由一直萦绕在她的脑海中。”
Lazarus died of illness in 1887 -- one year after the Statue of Liberty was dedicated by President Grover Cleveland in October 1886.
拉撒路死于1887年，也就是在1886年10月格罗弗·克利夫兰总统为自由女神像落成的一年后。
It was not until 1903 -- nearly 20 years after Lazarus' death -- that the bronze plaque bearing the iconic sonnet would be added to the statue's pedestal, after her friend Georgina Schuyler found a book in 1901 containing "The New Colossus" and launched an effort to commemorate Lazarus' work.
直到1903年，也就是拉萨勒斯去世将近20年后，她的朋友乔治娜·斯凯勒在1901年发现了一本名为《新的巨人》的书，并发起了一项纪念拉撒路作品的活动，才将刻有这首标志性十四行诗的铜匾添加到雕像的基座上。
"The poem, like the shackles, is not immediately visible," Garcia, who is also a member of the History Advisory Committee of the Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island, said.
“这首诗，就像雕像脚下的枷锁一样，不是第一眼就能看到的，”加西亚说，他也是自由埃利斯岛雕像历史咨询委员会的成员。
"The fact that we are conscious of these powerful and deeply moving words today is because of the generations of artists, editorialists, and politicians, who have continually reminded us of their power."
“今天我们能意识到这些有力而深刻的话语，是因为一代又一代的艺术家、编辑和政治家，他们不断地提醒我们这首诗的力量。”
The location of the Statue of Liberty in the New York harbor -- a major receiving port for immigrants in the 19th century -- was a defining factor in the statue's symbolic "transformation," Kraut said.
克劳特说，自由女神像之所以位于纽约港的位置—是自由女神像象征性“转型”的决定性因素—是因为纽约港在19世纪是移民的主要接收港。
During the 1880s through the early 1920s, there was "a peak period of immigration to the United States," according to Kraut, where 23.5 million immigrants seeking religious and political liberty and economic opportunity traveled to the United States.据克劳特说，从1880年代到1920年代初，有一段“移民到美国的高峰时期”，有2350万寻求宗教、政治自由和经济机会的移民来到美国。
"By the end of the 19th century there is an immigration flow that is very heavily southern and eastern European, and they are coming in great numbers, and they're, of course, passing the Statue of Liberty," Kraut said.
克劳特说:“到19世纪末，南欧和东欧的移民潮非常严重，他们正在大量涌入，当然，他们都会经过自由女神像。”
"Today, restrictionists like Trump want to bar entry to immigrants who are coming largely from Asia, the Americas, and Africa, and that view is also motivated, in part, by fear," Garcia wrote.
加西亚写道:“如今，像特朗普这样的限制主义者想要禁止主要来自亚洲、美洲和非洲的移民入境，而这种观点的部分动机也是出于恐惧。”
"But in every generation, we also see people who advocate and fight for continued immigration -- business leaders, human rights activists, faith communities -- because they feel that immigration is good for the nation. Which perspective ultimately defines this generation is anyone's guess."
“但在每一代人中，我们也看到了为继续移民而倡导和奋斗的人——商界领袖、人权活动人士、宗教团体——因为他们认为移民对国家有好处。谁也说不准这一代人最终会从哪个角度来定义。”
问题
文中提到自由女神像下镌刻的诗的原作者是什么民族的后裔？
留言回复正确答案，前十名朋友可以获得红包奖励哦，赶快来试试吧！