预后营养指数、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值评估克罗恩病患者术后并发症风险
营养风险一直是影响克罗恩病患者临床结局的重要因素。欧洲肠外肠内营养学会(ESPEN )将营养风险定义为对现存或潜在的营养和代谢状况如果不给予营养干预,患者出现不良临床结局的风险。目前,使用营养风险筛查2002(NRS2002)诊断营养风险的有效性已被结局观察研究、文献系统回顾、随机对照研究、大规模前瞻队列研究证实,但是其中疾病严重程度、营养受损状况(近1~3个月体重下降>5%、近1周内进食量减少>25%或50%或75%、一般情况)等主观评分需调查者经过训练进行细致甄别和分析,较为费时,影响了其在基层医院和大规模流行病学调查中的广泛应用。因此,使用快速简便、客观有效的营养风险筛查工具可以更好地被临床接受并执行。日本学者小野寺等提出的预后营养指数(PNI)只需检测两项指标:血清白蛋白、外周血淋巴细胞总数,均为客观指标,临床检测方便,计算方法简单。
2017年8月16日,英国《自然》旗下《科学报告》发表中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院康维明、朱长真、杨晓旭、于健春、马志强、叶欣、李康、刘东的研究报告,对PNI、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)评估克罗恩病术后并发症风险进行了调查。
该研究对2004~2013年北京协和医院108例克罗恩病术后患者的临床资料进行了回顾,术前1周内测得PNI和NLR。
结果发现:
平均PNI为38.8±8.2,PNI显著较低的患者包括:克罗恩病B3型,淋巴细胞减少,血红蛋白、前白蛋白、白蛋白减少,肠内营养<500kcal/d。
平均NLR为5.9±12.1,NLR显著较高的患者包括:克罗恩病B3型,中性粒细胞增加,淋巴细胞减少,白蛋白减少,肠内营养<500kcal/d。
PNI为39.8、NLR为4.1时,约登指数(灵敏度+特异度-1)最高,以此为界将患者分为两组:
低PNI组(≤39.8)显著多见于:克罗恩病B3型,淋巴细胞减少,血红蛋白、白蛋白、白蛋白减少,肠内营养<500kcal/d,更有可能发生腹内出血。
高NLR组(≥4.1)显著多见于:克罗恩病B3型,中性粒细胞减少,淋巴细胞减少,更有可能发生肺部感染。
因此,PNI与NLR存在显著负相关性。术前1年内吸烟、PNI<39.8、NLR≥4.1为克罗恩病术后并发症的独立风险因素。
不过,作为回顾研究,该研究存在许多缺点,如样本量有限、单中心分析所致偏倚,都可能对研究结果产生一定影响,故该研究结论有必要通过大样本、多中心的回顾或前瞻研究进行验证。
Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 16;7(1):8481.
Application of the Onodera prognostic nutrition index and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in risk evaluation of postoperative complications in Crohn's disease.
Kang WM, Zhu CZ, Yang XX, Yu JC, Ma ZQ, Ye X, Li K, Liu D.
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
This study aimed to investigate application of Onodera prognostic nutrition index (OPNI) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in evaluating risk of postoperative complications in Crohn's disease (CD). Clinical data of 108 postoperative CD patients in 9 years were respectively reviewed. OPNI and NLR were within 1 week preoperatively. Average OPNI was 38.8±8.2 and significantly lower in patients with: CD type B3; lymphopenia; decreased haemoglobin, prealbumin, and albumin; and daily enteral nutrition <500kcal/d. Average NLR was 5.9±12.1 and significantly higher in patients with: CD type B3, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, decreased prealbumin, and enteral nutrition <500kcal/d. Youden index was maximal at OPNI 39.8 and NLR 4.1, patients were divided into two groups by OPNI 39.8 and NLR 4.1; Low OPNI (≤39.8) group had significantly greater incidence of type B3, lymphopenia, decreased haemoglobin, prealbumin and albumin, and enteral nutrition <500kcal/day, more likely to have intra-abdominal bleeding. High NLR group (≥4.1) had significantly greater incidence of type B3, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia, more likely to develop lung infection. OPNI and NLR were significantly negatively correlated. Smoking within 1 year preoperatively, OPNI <39.8, NLR≥4.1 were independent risk factors for postoperative complications in CD.
PMID: 28814767
PMCID: PMC5559450
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09265-3