【经岚传递】市场环保主义，新环境政策工具和气候政策—英国与德国为例

【经岚传递】16L72

市场环保主义，新环境政策工具和气候政策—英国与德国为例

编译/ZQ

本期【经岚传递】所介绍的是来自于Ian Bailey发表在Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 97, No. 3 (Sep., 2007)上的“Market Environmentalism, New Environmental Policy Instruments, and Climate Policy in the United Kingdom and Germany”一文。

摘要：

关于有效和有用的气候政策研究引发了大量市场政策工具和自愿减排协议在国内和国际层面上的运用（新环境政策工具），尽管这些工具将环境政策引向了新自由主义的方法，但在京都议定书中仍然保留了政策工具的多样性。本文在刻画近期地理学和政治学中新自由主义研究范式的同时，再次检验了市场环保主义中的地理纬度成因，尤其是不同国家政策类型在重构环境政策新自由主义过程中的作用。为此，作者认为政策类型通常都是在政府决策过程中被加以界定，忽视了规制者和受规制者之间复杂的社会和领土关系。为了更好地解释这个观点，作者对英国和德国的气候政策进行比较，讨论了不同国家政策类型对应用新环境政策工具的影响，以及决定产业因应市场和自愿减排工具的因素，还有，国家政策类型是如何评估环境工具效果的？理解市场环保主义中的地理纬度将需要我们很好地解释产业集团在国家政策类型发展和演变过程中的作用。最后，作者对本研究可能对执行京都议定书所产生的应用价值做了分析。

Abstract

The search for effective and efficient climate policy has led to a major expansion in the use of market-based instruments and voluntary agreements (New Environmental Policy Instruments [NEPIs]) at national and in- ternational levels. Yet, despite the prevalence of these instruments as an outcropping of the broader shift toward neoliberal approaches to environmental policies, tremendous diversity exists in the way signatories to the Kyoto Protocol have deployed NEPIs. Drawing on recent geographical and political science research on the neo- liberalization of nature, this article reexamines reasons for geographical variations in market environmentalism and, in particular, the role of national policy styles in refracting neoliberal influence on environmental policy. In so doing, I argue that policy styles are too frequently conceptualized in terms of state processes, overlooking complex and territorialized social relations between regulators and regulated parties. To illustrate this claim, I compare the implementation of climate policy in the United Kingdom and Germany, exploring the effects of national policy styles on NEPI deployment, factors contributing to industry reactions to market-based and vol- untary measures, and how national policy styles color these evaluations. This is used to argue that understanding geographical variations in market environmentalism requires greater appreciation of the role of industry groups in the creation, defense, and evolution of national policy styles. I conclude by reflecting on the study's implications for the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol.

Key Words: climate policy, industry, market environmentalism, policy styles, United Kingdom and Germany.

备注：经岚坊将定期追踪、介绍和传递国际学术界最新而有趣的环境经济学论文文献，希望推动环境经济学的学习和创新，如有兴趣加入到【经岚传递】的行列，请给本微信号留言，或者致信[e-mail]，我们将尽快给予回复。