【山西老建筑-祁县:乔家大院】
全国重点文物保护单位:乔家大院
乔家大院位于山西省祁县乔家堡村,始建于1756年,整个院落呈双“喜”字形,分为6个大院,内套20个小院,313间房屋,建筑面积4175平方米,三面临街,四周是高达10余米的全封闭青砖墙,大门为城门式洞式,是一座具有北方传统民居建筑风格的古宅。
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乔家大院牌坊,这肯定不是原汁原味的,可能是后人做的
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《大红灯笼高高挂》之后,灯笼成了乔家大院最多的点缀
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大院入场处很大一块空地是空的。
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整个院落呈双“喜”字形,
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四周是高达10余米的全封闭青砖墙。
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大门为城门式洞式。
大门为城门式洞式
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大门为城门式洞式。
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景区入口处
进入新世纪后,乔家大院先后被列为是全国重点文物保护单位,国家二级博物馆,国家文物先进单位,国家级青年文明号,山西省爱国主义教育基地等。
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2001年立的文保碑
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乔家大院陈展有5000多件珍贵文物,集中反映了以山西晋中一带为主的民情风俗;陈列有农俗、人生仪礼、岁时节令、衣食住行、商俗、民间工艺;还设立有乔家史料、乔家珍宝、影视专题等的陈列。
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院子的小路两旁,不分场景、不分节气,摆了好多人物雕塑,一年四季值守在那里,有的身上落满了灰尘,有的像在马路上闲侃、有的像在那里卖呆,有的像在那里等着摆拍,我感觉,这种摆设就像人的眼帘上挂着几个肉阄,怎么看怎么别扭……
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各种现代元素的促销方式,格雷商铺见缝插针,喧哗声里夹着着假冒伪劣的商品叫卖,使得这个古老院落里充满了铜臭,难怪后来有关部门重拳出击,摘牌勒令其整改……
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后来建设的好多景点同质化严重,
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《大红灯笼高高挂》之后,整个乔家大院吊挂了数以千万计的灯笼,门扉上、窗棂上,花架上:电线杆上、树杈上、餐馆、超市、公厕,药房……,到处都挂着红灯笼,这究竟是文化艺术呢?还是乡风民俗?把一个好端端的历史古城,打扮的不伦不类,成也红灯笼,败也红灯笼,我不由得大声疾呼:红灯笼,可以休矣!
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乔家大院是一座雄伟壮观的建筑群体,设计之精巧,工艺之精细,体现了中国清代民居建筑的独特风格,具有相当高的观赏、科研和历史价值,是一座无与伦比的艺术宝库,被称为“北方民居建筑的一颗明珠”,素有“皇家有故宫,民宅看乔家”之说,名扬三晋,誉满海内外。2018中国黄河旅游大会上,乔家大院被评为“中国黄河50景”。
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