【宫哥英语】第十四期 体育健身
原文复现
文本解析
1. 标题 “4 Really Good Reasons To Get Fit”特别醒目，是文章的“题眼”。不定式 to get fit 做后置定语修饰中心词reasons, 可知文章要讲的是“保持健康的4条非常有说服力的理由”。在全球抗“疫”的大背景下，健身尤为重要，因此标题一下子就激发了读者的兴趣。
2. 从图片中两位老人开心灿烂的笑容中，可以看出他们很健康。他们都背着双肩包，可能在户外徒步锻炼中？
3. 文章开头使用大写的粗体“LOOKING TO GET MORE EXERCISE”, 第二段开头使用蓝色加粗的“Exercise to...”，以及文章中大写的粗体小标题“SLEEP LIKE A BABY”、“MOVE WELL”、“THINK MORE CLEARLY”和“DE-STRESS”，这些都使得文章的结构特别清晰，重要信息一目了然，读者可推测文章讲的是锻炼的4个好处。
评判性阅读
一、体裁结构视角
1. 英语说明文(Exposition)通过对实体事物科学的解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象事理的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等能有科学的认识，从而获得有关的知识。从标题可看出本文是事理说明文。事理说明文是阐明抽象事理的。这种说明文主要是说明事物的本质、事物内部或事物之间内在联系等一系列问题，针对事物的起因、功用、关系等进行解说。本文解说了锻炼的4条非常有说服力的理由及好处。
说明文有多种不同的表达方式：①以时间为序；②以空间为序；③由现象到本质；④由主到次；⑤按工艺流程；⑥按事物的性质、功用、原理等顺序来说明。本文阐述先是身体层面进而上升到精神层面。
2. 本文由两大部分组成，第一部分总述锻炼的好处是毋容置疑的，第二部分分述了锻炼的四个好处，文章结构（总---分式）特别清晰，文章的中心一目了然。
3. 本文采用了列数字和作比较的说明方法。
Whether it’s walking briskly to the shops or cycling 20 miles,...
A third of people over 65 will experience a fall every year, which is why it’s so important to improve your balance, mobility and joint health.
French researchers discovered that women aged 75-85 who stuck with a two-year exercise programme cut their risk of being injured in a fall by around 20 percent.
In 2014, Stanford University researchers studied 176 college students and found that walking boosted their creative output by 60 percent.
In fact, sedentary seniors’ brains were shown to be ten years older than their active counterparts.
以上句子中有关年份、年龄的数字以及分数、百分数的使用都使得文章更准确严密，具有更强的科学性，增强了其可信度。
Research suggests that working out helps us fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer...
此句用比较级形式说明了锻炼能够让人入睡更快、睡得更长久。
...who regularly engaged in moderate-to-intense exercise showed a slower rate of cognitive decline.
此句中slower直观地说明了经常参加中等至有强度的锻炼的人们认知减退得更慢。
In fact, sedentary seniors’ brains were shown to be ten years older than their active counterparts.
此句将惯于久坐不动和积极锻炼的老年人的大脑衰退程度进行比较, ten years older 的使用使得比较结果特别直观。
Some studies have indicated that exercise can be as effective as drugs and cognitive behavioural therapy for treating depression.
此句用as effective as 同级比较形象地说明了锻炼和药物以及认知行为治疗对抑郁一样有效。
二、语言欣赏视角
1. 信号词的使用
信号词作为文章语义和结构发展的线索之一，在语篇构成中起着连接上下文的纽带作用。文中不但使用了传统意义上的信号词，即逻辑关系词，还大量使用了能够呈现客观结论的非传统意义上的信号词。
Looking to get more exercise in 2017 or simply trying to ...
Alternatively it could cause a shift in our internal clock...
Meanwhile, a recent study in the journal...
这些表示并列和递进的信号词，有助于读者完整提取正确信息。
Research suggests that working out helps us fall asleep faster...
French researchers discovered that women aged 75-85...
In 2014, Stanford University researchers studied 176 college students and found that ...
Meanwhile, a recent study in the journal Neurology revealed that ...
In 2014, University of Michigan researchers found that ...
Some studies have indicated that exercise can be ...
以上都是举例说明研究结果的句子，如果学生能够辨识句中的这些信号词，那么将会大大提高阅读的速度和效果。
2. 动词的使用
It could be because exercise raises our temperature and the subsequent post-workout drop promotes sleep.
Alternatively it could cause a shift in our internal clock, or simply reduce anxiety...
...it’s so important to improve your balance, mobility and joint health.
...who stuck with a two-year exercise programme cut their risk of being injured ...
Take a few minutes every morning to move your joints...
Practices such as yoga and tai chi are great for promoting balance and flexibility.
...walking boosted their creative output by 60 percent.
Physical exercise is one of the best things you can do to manage stress.
...nature walks reduced depression and lowered perceived stress levels.
划线动词及其不同的形式恰当、精确、简洁地说明了锻炼健身的诸多好处。
3. 名词的使用（与健身有关）
...it’s so important to improve your balance, mobility and joint health.
...move your joints through their full range of motion with wrist, ankle, knee and shoulder circles.
Practices such as yoga and tai chi are great for promoting balance and flexibility.
The positive effects may come from the feel-good endorphins and other anti-stress hormones ...
4. 巧用构词法
(1) 派生法
①...the benefits of getting physical are indisputable.
in- 表示否定，inexpensive 便宜的
② It could be because exercise raises our temperature and the subsequent post-workout drop promotes sleep.
post- 表示“在......之后”，“后......”, 如：post-industrial society 后工业社会
③ ...or simply reduce anxiety, allowing us to drift off worry-free.
-free 与名词连用构成形容词，表示“无......的”，“不含......”，如：a salt-free diet无盐饮食
④ DE-STRESS
de- 加在名词之前构成动词，表示“除去”，“除掉”，如：deforest毁掉......的森林，砍伐......的林木
Two thirds of the region has been deforested in the past decade.
在过去十年里这个地区的森林有三分之二被毁掉。
⑤ The positive effects may come from the feel-good endorphins and other anti-stress hormones ...
anti- 用来构成形容词和名词, 表示“防......”，“抗......”，“阻止......”，如：the Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争
(2) 转换法
It could be because exercise raises our temperature and the subsequent post-workout drop promotes sleep.
动词用作名词，表示“下降，下跌，减少”。
Alternatively it could cause a shift in our internal clock, or simply reduce anxiety...
动词用作名词，表示“（位置﹑性质、形式等的）改变， 转变”。
A third of people over 65 will experience a fall every year, ...
名词由动词转化而来，表示“摔倒，跌倒”。
(3) 合成法
The positive effects may come from the feel-good endorphins and other anti-stress hormones ...
French researchers discovered that women aged 75-85 who stuck with a two-year exercise programme cut their risk of being injured in a fall by around 20 percent.
...who regularly engaged in moderate-to-intense exercise showed a slower rate of cognitive decline.
5. 地道词块的积累
(1) ...the benefits of getting physical are indisputable.（锻炼）
(2) Sleep like a baby（酣睡）
(3) Research suggests that working out helps us fall asleep faster...（锻炼）
(4) Alternatively it could cause a shift in our internal clock...（生物钟）
(5) ... or simply reduce anxiety, allowing us to drift off worry-free.（逐渐入睡）
(6) ...who stuck with（坚持）a two-year exercise programme cut their risk of （减少......的风险）being injured...
(7) ...walking boosted their creative output by 60 percent.（创造性输出）
(8) ...who regularly engaged in moderate-to-intense exercise showed a slower rate of cognitive decline.（认知减退）
(9) Physical exercise （体育锻炼）is one of the best things you can do to manage stress.（应对压力）
(10) ...nature walks （漫步大自然）reduced depression （减少抑郁）and lowered perceived stress levels.（降低感知到的压力水平）
(11) Practices such as yoga and tai chi are great for promoting balance and flexibility.（提升平衡和灵活性）
6. 高级句式的使用
(1) It could be because exercise raises our temperature and the subsequent post-workout drop promotes sleep.
此句中because 引导表语从句, 其中and 并列连接两个句子。
(2) A third of people over 65 will experience a fall every year, which is why it’s so important to improve your balance , mobility and joint health.
此句中which引导非限制性定语从句，其中why引导表语从句，表语从句中又用到了it’s important to do... 句型。
(3) Meanwhile, a recent study in the journal Neurology revealed that adults who regularly engaged in moderate-to-intense exercise showed a slower rate of cognitive decline.
此句中that引导从句作revealed的宾语，其中who引导定语从句修饰先行词adults。
(4) The positive effects may come from the feel-good endorphins and other anti-stress hormones that are released when you get moving.
此句中that引导定语从句修饰先行词endorphins和hormones，其中又包含一个when引导的时间状语从句。
(5) Physical exercise is one of the best things you can do to manage stress.
此句中划线部分you can do 为省略掉关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词things。
(6) French researchers discovered that women aged 75-85 who stuck with a two-year exercise programme cut their risk of being injured in a fall by around 20 percent.
此句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词women。
难词扫障
look to 指望, 依靠
indisputable adj. 不容置疑的，无可争辩的
briskly adv. 轻快地，生气勃勃地
subsequent adj. 随后的，后来的
post-workout adj. 健身后的
alternatively adv. 要不然，或者
shift n. 改变
internal adj. 体内的 internal clock 生物钟
drift off 逐渐入睡
boost v. 促进
sedentary adj. 惯于久坐不动的
counterparts n. 对应的人或物
perceive v. 感知
endorphin n. 内啡肽（内分泌激素，有镇痛作用）
hormone n. 荷尔蒙
release v. 释放
feel-good adj. 令人愉悦的
equivalent n. 等量物，等价物
lb (libra的缩写) 磅（约等于454克）
wear and tear 磨损，损耗
spine n. 脊柱
physiotherapist n. 理疗师
shoulder blade 肩胛骨
tuck v. 把......塞入
chin n. 下巴
健身词汇及句型
词汇：
bodybuilding 健美
fitness center 健身中心
calorie 卡路里
sit-ups 仰卧起坐
push-ups 俯卧撑
aerobics 有氧运动
treadmill 跑步机
inhale & exhale 吸气 & 吐气
bear/beer belly 啤酒肚
dumbbell 哑铃
flexibility 灵活性，柔韧性
heart rate 心率
pulse 脉搏
句型：
1. Well, I am a bit out of shape. I'm thinking about working out to keep fit.
那个，我身体有点走形了，我在考虑做点运动来保持体型。
2. I think I should go to the gym. I really need to lose some weight.
我想我应该去健身房锻炼了，我真的应该减肥了。
3. I'm going to spend a few more minutes on the exercise bike.
我要在骑车器上再锻炼一会儿。
4. I can tell. You look really buff. And no more bear belly.
我能看出来，你现在很有型，啤酒肚也没有了。
5. I do an hour of aerobics every other day.
我每隔一天做一个小时的健身操。
6. Working out is addicting.
健身简直让人欲罢不能。
7. Let's hit the gym after work.
下班后健身房见。
背景介绍
1. 全民健身日
为了满足广大人民群众日益增长的体育需求，为了纪念北京奥运会成功举办，国务院批准，从2009年起，每年8月8日为“全民健身日”。
全民健身日是指2009年10月1日起施行的《全民健身条例》第十二条中规定的，应当在当日加强全民健身宣传，积极组织和参与全民健身活动，组织开展免费健身指导服务，向公众免费开放公共体育设施的活动日。具体时间为每年的8月8日，既是为了纪念北京成功举办奥运会，也是为了倡导人民群众更广泛地参加体育健身运动。
2018年“全民健身日”，以“新时代全民健身动起来”为活动主题。
2019年“全民健身日”，以“健康中国 你我同行”为活动主题。
2. 健身和压力
在飞速发展的现代社会，人们的生活节奏越来越快，所面临的工作压力越来越大，再加上身边的人际关系越来越复杂，精神负担就会越来越重，这种情况下人们很容易长时间处在一种消极和抑郁的情绪中，这样势必会影响到身体健康，而且还会为很多疾病的产生埋下隐患。如果利用一些丰富多采的健身运动，无论是静是动，比如瑜伽和健美操，都可以缓解工作压力，使人们用更饱满的精神迎接工作。
写作提升
假定你是李华，目前新冠肺炎全球疫情形势严峻，请你给身在美国的朋友Peter写一封信。
要点如下：
1. 居家锻炼的重要性；
2. 怎样锻炼身体；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
上期范文赏读
Dear Mike，
How is everything going? The Covid-19 crisis has added new stress to the individuals across the world. The pandemic spreading quickly in New York, I want to share my experience to help you.
First and for most, starting with the school routine helps me arrange everything efficiently, which, though, can be challenging. What’s more, I’m convinced that scheduling some easy indoor activities does good to me as well. Additionally, reflecting on myself and fostering an interest brings new opportunity and broadens my horizon. Last but not least, drawing upon this vacation to accompany my parents and bridge our gap is an excellent experience, one I will treasure forever.
May you be healthy and we can go through this pandemic safely together.
Yours,
Li Hua
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