一课一题一语法：新概念英语第2册第76课
【往期回顾】
1. Her father _bought_ (buy) a new car last week.
2. _Did_ you _visit_ (visit) your relatives the other day?
3. It _is_ (be) Ben's birthday today.
4. She likes _reading_ newspapers, but she _read_ a book yesterday. (read)
5. He _is playing_ football now, but they _played_ basketball just now. (play)
6. They _made_ (make) a lot of money in the 1980s.
7. _Did_ he _water_ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _did_. (water)
8. She _is_ (be) a pretty girl. Look! She _is doing_ (do) Chinese dances.
9. The student often _draws_ (draw) some pictures in the art room.
【本期内容】
下面我们继续本周《新概念英语2》第76课的重点句型或语法的分享。先来读一读课文：
一、课文原文
Lesson 76 April Fools’ Day
'To end our special news bulletin,' said the voice of the television announcer, 'we are taking you to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Ricardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cartloads of golden brown Macaroni stalks. The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this year's crop before the September rains. On the right, you can see Mrs. Brabante herself. She has been helping her husband for thirty years now. Mrs. Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest: the famous Calabria macaroni-eating competition! Signor Fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April 1st. We are now returning you to the studio.
本课主要是复习第4课、第28课和第52课所学的现在完成时与现在完成进行时的内容。
（一）现在完成时
1、构成方式
主语 + have/has done + 其他成分
如：
He has just left Shanghai.
2、基本用法
表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或结果。如：
I have had lunch.
这句话的字面意思是“我已经吃过中饭了”，其中吃中饭的动作是过去发生的，但这句话的潜台词可能是“我已经饱了，或者不想再吃东西了”等。
试对比：
I had lunch just now.
这句话的意思是“我刚才吃了中饭”，是对过去事情的客观描述，不强调对现在的影响。
3、标志词
1）already/just/never/ever/yet
2）for+一段时间或since+具体时间/从句（过去式）
3）次数
4）recently/lately
5）so far / up to now
6）in the past/last +一段时间
如：
They have been to France twice.
Great changes have taken place in our town in the past five years.
（二）现在完成进行时
1、构成方式
sb. + have/has been doing + 其他成分
如：
He has been crying for ten minutes.
2、基本用法
表过去发生的事情持续到现在还在进行。如：
She has been sleeping for five hours.
3、标志词
与现在完成时的标志词基本相同，除了“already / just / never / ever / yet”。如：
We have been reading in the library for two hours.
She has been learning French since she was five.
（三）两者区别
现在完成时强调结果，现在完成进行时强调过程。如：
I have already read the novel. (看过小说)
I have been reading the novel for a week. (一直在看小说)
三、一课一题
根据本课的复习内容，让我们来练一练吧，请根据句子的前后文，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. She _____ (arrive) in Paris already.
2. The train _____ (arrive) at the station eight minutes ago.
3. Look! They _____ (play) basketball in the gym for two hours.
4. He seldom _____ (go) to school by car.
5. We _____ (pick) you up tomorrow afternoon.