四六级必过 | 几个常考又易混淆的短语
-Wednesday-
对话框回复“早安”或者“morning"，获取清晨元气满满的英文金句
真题再现
The traditional view of such moments isthat they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct of youth—something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance（坚持不懈）, obligation, and practicality. Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense absorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking. Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy. Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conducting experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringing together nonsense words.
（本文节选于2015年英语四级考试真题）
constitute
英 ['kɒnstɪtjuːt] 美 ['kɑnstətut]
vt. 组成，构成；建立；任命
byproduct
英 ['baɪ,prɒdʌkt] 美 ['baɪ,prɑdəkt]
n. 副产品
perseverance
英 [pɜːsɪ'vɪər(ə)ns] 美 [,pɝsə'vɪrəns]
n. 坚持不懈；不屈不挠
n. 耐性；毅力
practicality
英 [,præktɪ'kælɪtɪ] 美 ['præktɪ'kæləti]
n. 实用性，实际性；实际，实例
seek
英 [siːk] 美 [sik]
vt. 寻求；寻找；探索；搜索
vi. 寻找；探索；搜索
make room for
让出地方给……，为……腾出空位
give up
放弃；交出
lead to
导致；通向
阅读翻译
以传统的观念，来看这样的时刻，会觉得这是青春年少的副产品，美好却无关紧要——要把这些推到一旁，留出空间培养更重要的品质，比如坚持不懈，勇于承担，和求真务实。然而，像这样的时刻，却是种全心投入的纯粹乐趣，是成年人用余生所寻找的快乐。人总是会被欲望驱使着去寻求快乐。接受教育并不应该要求人放弃快乐，而是要引导人在新事物中寻找乐趣：用阅读小说，替代玩小动物；用做实验，替代在浴缸里玩耍；用问题辩论，替代乱拼单词的游戏。
阅读练习
从下列选项中选出与本文相关的一项：
A. It is human nature to seek joy in life.
B. Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.
C. Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.
翻译练习
在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。
重难点解析
1. The traditional view of /such moments /is that /they constitute/ a charming but irrelevant/ byproduct of youth—something/ to be pushed aside /to make room for /more important qualities, /like perseverance （坚持不懈）, obligation, and practicality.
以传统的观念，来看这样的时刻，会觉得这是青春年少的副产品，美好却无关紧要——要把这些推到一旁，留出空间培养更重要的品质，比如坚持不懈，勇于承担，和求真务实。
词语辨析：comprise, compose, consist, constitute, include
这一组动词都有"组成，包含"的意思。
comprise
v.包含，包括，由……组成(整体)；组成，构成。
Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.
我们公司的生产线是由2,500个不同的组成部分构成的。
compose
v.构成(整体)，组成；由……组成(后接of，常用于被动语态)；创作(作曲、诗歌等)。
The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.
委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。
consist
v.组成，构成,由……组成(后接of，常用于主动语态)；(后接in)在于，存在于。
The problem consists of two parts.
问题由两部分组成。
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.
这计划的好处就在于简单易行。
constitute
v.构成，组成(整体)。
Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.
犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。
include
v.包括，包含，把……列入。
The conference delegates included representatives from abroad.
大会代表中有来自海外的代表。
2. Yet moments like this one /are just the kind of /intense absorption /and pleasure /adults /spend the rest of their lives /seeking.
然而，像这样的时刻，却是种全心投入的纯粹乐趣，是成年人用余生所寻找的快乐。
yet常用于否定句和疑问句，但yet还有其他用法。
1） 用于否定句中，意思是还、尚、迄今、到那时”。
He is not yet here.
他还未到。
2） 用于疑问句中，意思是已经”。
Is everything ready yet ?
一切都准备好了吗？
3）与比较级连用，意思是更”。
You must work yet harder.
你还需更努力地工作。
4）与once , again , another 连用，意思是再”。
He has made yet another mistake.
他又犯了一个错误。
5）用于肯定句中，意思是仍然、还得”。
She is yet a child.
她还是个孩子。
6）用作并列连词时，意思是然而、可是”。
He studied hard yet he failed.
他学习努力，可是考试仍未及格。
3. Human lives/ are governed by/ the desire to /experience joy.
人总是会被欲望驱使着去寻求快乐。
4. Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conducting experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringing together nonsense words.
接受教育并不应该要求人放弃快乐，而是要引导人在新事物中寻找乐趣：用阅读小说，替代玩小动物；用做实验，替代在浴缸里玩耍；用问题辩论，替代乱拼单词的游戏。
Instead 和instead of的区别：
1）instead意为“代替”“替代”，作副词用,通常位于句尾。如位于句首时常用逗号与后面阁开。instead 在顺接句子中作“代替”讲，而在转折（或逆转）句子中作“然而”讲。
例如：
1.Lily isn't here.Ask Lucy instead.
Lily不在这儿,去问Lucy吧.[注意] 当instead在祈使句中时，只能位于句末。
2.She didn't answer me, instead, she asked me another question.
她没有回答我,反而问了我另外一个问题.
2）instead of是介宾短语，其意与instead相同，不同之处在于它后面常接宾语，起宾语多由名词、代词、介词、短语、动词 + ing 形式充当。
例如：
1. We'll ask Li Mei instead of Mary.
我们将去问李梅而不问玛丽。
2. I'll go instead of her.
我会替她去。
3）instead 与instead of的转换.
例如:
1. He didn't answer me, instead, he asked me another question
→ He asked me another question instead of answering me.
2.I'll of instead of her.
→She won't go. I'll go instead