英语点津：None, nobody 和no one真的可以互换吗？

The indefinite pronouns "nobody" and "no one" are often mixed up with the pronoun "none." The first two words are both singular pronouns and synonymous, but "none" can be either singular or plural.

不定代词“nobody”和“no one”常与代词“none”混淆，前两个词既是单数代词又是同义词，但“none”既可以是单数也可以是复数。

How to Use "Nobody"

如何使用“Nobody”

"Nobody" is an indefinite pronoun, meaning it does not refer to any particular person. It means the same thing as "no person" or "not anyone." As an indefinite pronoun that refers to an absence, "nobody" also has no defined amount. Grammatically, though, it is treated as a singular noun: Nobody was there to open the door.

“nobody”是一个不定代词，意思是它不指任何特定的人。它的意思和“没有人”或“没有任何人”是一样的。作为一个不定代词，它指的是一个缺席，“没有人”也没有明确的数量。不过，从语法上讲，它被视为一个单数名词：没有人在那里开门。

How to Use "No One"

如何使用“No One”

"No one" is also an indefinite pronoun, and it means the same thing as "nobody." It is usually considered more formal than "nobody," which is why it is more likely to appear in writing.

“No one”也是一个不定代词，它的意思和“nobody”一样。它通常被认为比“nobody”更正式，这就是为什么它更可能出现在书面形式中。

"No one" is a common misspelling of "no one," which is two words. "No-one"—with a hyphen—is a less common spelling, typically found in British English.

“noone”是“no one”的常见拼写错误，即两个词。没有人,连字符是不太常见的拼写，通常在英式英语中。

How to Use "None"

如何使用“None”

The pronoun "none" means not one, not any, or no persons or things. As an adverb, "none" means not at all or to no extent.

代词“none”指的不是一个，不是任何，也不是任何人或事物。作为副词，“none”一词根本没有意思，也没有意义。

There's a common misconception that "none" can only be singular, but this has never been true. When "none" is the subject of a clause and refers to members of a group, it can be used with either a singular verb ("None is") or a plural verb ("None are"). "None" must be followed by a singular verb only when it means "not part of a whole," as in "None of it is mine."

有一个常见的误解是“无”只能是单数，但这从来都不是真的。当“none”是一个从句的主语并且是一个组的成员时，它可以与单数动词(“none is”)或复数动词(“none are”)一起使用。“none”后面必须跟一个单数动词，只有当它的意思是“不是一个整体的一部分”，就像“none of it is mine”一样。

Examples

例子

"Nobody and "no one" are basically interchangeable; the main difference between the two is the degree of formality:

“Nobody”和“no one”基本上是可以互换的;两者的主要区别在于形式化程度：

No one is ever too old to learn something new.

没有人老得学不到新东西。

Nobody wants to sign up for cleanup duties.

没有人愿意报名参加清理工作。

"None" means the same thing as "not one" or "not any," which is why it's often found in reference to groups:

“None”与“not one”或“not any”是同一回事，这就是为什么它经常出现在群体中：

None of the other apples are as good as the Honeycrisp.

其他的苹果都不如蜜饯好。

None of the guests has any idea what to bring to the party.

所有的客人都不知道该带什么来参加聚会。

In the first example, "none" takes the plural verb "are" because it is used in the sense of "not any" (Not any of the other apples are as good as the Honeycrisp). In the second example, "none" takes the singular verb "has" because it is used in the sense of "not one" (Not one of the guests has any idea what to bring to the party). If you're using the word "none" and you aren't sure if it should take a singular or a plural verb, try replacing "none" with "not any" or "not one" to determine in which sense it's being used.

在第一个例子中，“none”采用复数动词“are”，因为它是在“not any”的意义上使用的(其他任何苹果都不如蜜脆苹果好)。在第二个例子中，“none”取单数动词“has”，因为它的意思是“not one”(没有一个客人知道带什么去参加聚会)。如果你在使用“无”这个词，而且你不确定它应该是单数还是复数动词，那么试着用“没有”或“没有”替换“无”，以确定它在哪个意义上被使用。

Wilson Follett, the author of the style guide "Modern American Usage," wrote that choosing the right verb for "none" is always a matter of context:

《现代美国用法》风格指南的作者威尔逊·福利特写道，为“none”选择正确的动词总是与上下文有关：

"The fact is that in some contexts none means not a single one, making singularity emphatic, whereas in other contexts it means no two, no few, no several, no fraction of many. In None of us is entitled to cast the first stone the singular meaning is hardly mistakable; in None of the commentators agree on the meaning of this passage the plural meaning is equally clear. None, then, is freely either singular or plural according to the sense suggested by its context. Often the number we give it makes no difference."

“事实是，在某些情况下，没有一个意味着不是一个单一的，使奇点突出，而在其他情况下，它意味着没有两个，没有几个，没有几个，没有分数的许多。在我们中没有人有资格铸造第一块石头，它的单数含义几乎是不可混淆的;在所有的评论员中，都没有人同意这段话的含义，复数含义也同样清楚。因此，根据上下文所暗示的意义，没有一个词可以自由地是单数或复数。我们给出的数字往往没有什么区别。”

How to Remember the Differences

如何记住差异

"Nobody" and "no one" always refer to people. If you're struggling to decide which one you should write, you can relax. Either one will do, so stick with whichever sounds best.

“Nobody”和“no one”总是指人。如果你正在努力决定你应该写哪一个，你可以放松。任何一个都可以，所以坚持听最好的声音。

"None" can refer to people or inanimate objects. This word always points to another noun or nouns in a sentence, which is why you often see the construction "none of the [noun]," as in:

“None”指人或无生命的物体。这个词总是指向一个句子中的另一个或多个名词，这就是为什么你经常看到“None of the[名词]”的结构，如：

None of the guests enjoyed the meal.

没有一位客人喜欢这顿饭。

"None" is the appropriate word in this case because it points to the noun "guests." Without the noun "guests," the sentence would require an indefinite pronoun such as "nobody" or "no one" instead:

在这种情况下，“none”是合适的词，因为它指向名词“guests”。如果没有名词“guests”，句子将需要一个不定代词，如“nobody”或“no one”，而不是：

No one enjoyed the meal.

没人喜欢这顿饭。

文章来源：沪江英语