CRISPR/Cas9高通量筛选技术与肿瘤治疗
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is an acquired immunity system during the defensive processes of bacteria or archaea against bacteriophage. Basing on the difference about Cas proteins (CRISPR-associated protein),CRISPR system could be divided into three different types. Type ⅡCRISPR system-CRISPR/Cas9 has been modified to disturb gene function in various species. As a new gene editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9 technique could be employed to interrupt the expression of gene via triggering DNA double strand break (DSB). Compared with traditional gene modifying technologies, for example, RNA interference (RNAi), TALEN (transcription activator-like effector nucleases), and ZFN (zinc finger nuclease), CIRSPR/Cas9 system is possessed of some advantages such as high-efficiency, low-cost, and easy-operation. Additionally, rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology accelerates whole genome analysis. Therefore, CRISPR system combined with high-throughput NGS technology has displayed a unique advantage in tumor therapy. Hitherto there are three kinds of high-throughput tools based on CRISPR techniques, including CRISPR, CRISPR activation (CRISPRa),and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi). Here, we briefly summarized these three high-throughput screen strategies and discussed the related applications during different processes of cancer.