20171203 考研翻译真题每日一练

【昨日回顾】To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.从共有特征中滤出独有特性，这可能使我们能够理解复杂的文化行为是如何出现的，并从进化或认知角度理解什么引导了它的走向。

【今日长难句】

The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints

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【结构解析】
1. 该句较长，其主干为主谓宾结构，即：the second/ takes / a more empirical approach to universality. 
2. by Joshua Greenberg 为插入语，修饰主语the second; identifying traits 为结果状语； （particularly in word order）为插入语修饰traits; shared by many langauges 为后置定语，修饰traits; which are considered to represent biases 为定语从句，修饰traits;  that result from cognitive constraints为定语从句，修饰biases.

【词的处理】
empirical / imˈpirikl / adj. 经验主义的
approach / əˈprəutʃ; NAmE əˈproutʃ / n. 方式，方法
identify / aiˈdentifai / vt. 认出，发现
trait / treit / 特征，特点
represent / ˌrepriˈzent / vt. 代表
bias / ˈbaiəs / n. 偏见
result from 由于
cognitive / ˈkɔɡnətiv; NAmE ˈkɑ:ɡ- / adj. 认知的
constraint / kənˈstreint / n. 限制

【参考译文】
The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints. 
其次是Joshua Greenberg的（尝试），他采用了更经验主义的方法去研究语言中的普遍性，鉴别出许多语言所共有的特征（尤其是在语序方面），而这些特征被认为代表了认知约束所产生的偏好。

【明日预告】
Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.