TE||A question of honour
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导读
英国古代贵族制度有5种爵位，按等级从高到低排列如下：
公爵 Duke / Duchess
侯爵 Marquis / Marchioness
伯爵 Earl (in Europe, Count) / Countess
子爵 Viscount / Viscountess
男爵 Baron / Baroness
Lord 是对权贵阶层的尊称，就像汉语里的“阁下”一样，有时也译作“勋爵”。
公爵称"Yes, Your Grace."
侯爵、伯爵、子爵和男爵称"Yes, My Lord."
参考资料：http://baike.baidu.com/view/246976.htm
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听力|精读|翻译|词组
A question of honour
荣誉至上
英文部分选自经济学人Obituary版块
Lord Carrington
卡林顿勋爵
A question of honour
荣誉至上
Peter, 6th Lord Carrington, foreign secretary and servant of six prime ministers, died on July 9th, aged 99
前外交大臣，辅佐六任首相的第六代勋爵彼得·卡林顿于7月9日去世，享年99岁
CLEARLY he had to go. Although leaving the foreign secretary’s grand office, the summit of his political ambitions, was the saddest day of his life, there was no alternative. Argentina’s surprise invasion of the Falkland Islands in April 1982 had humiliated Britain. The disgrace had to be purged, and the person to purge it was the minister in charge. That was him.
显而易见，他必须得离开外交大臣的气派办公室——他政治生涯的辉煌顶点，离开这里是一生中最悲伤的一天，但他别无选择。1982年4月阿根廷出其不意地入侵福克兰群岛（南大西洋）（即马尔维纳斯群岛），令英国颜面尽失。英国必须要洗刷耻辱，而负责洗刷耻辱的外交部长，就是他。
The intelligence had been wrong. But Lord Carrington did not feel he had left undone anything he ought to have done. He believed in trying to see the view of the other side, courteously nudging them on if necessary, sharing a wink and a joke to get across any sticky patches. Talking, even banging on a bit, could find solutions. In the case of the Falklands, he thought a leaseback plan might work. Fortifying the islands struck him as injudicious. But all this had sent wrong signals to the Argentines. And so he surrendered his seals of office to the queen at Windsor, the last ministerial resignation on a matter of principle.
情报出过错。不过，卡林顿勋爵觉得他能做的都做到了。他认为要尽量考虑到对方的意图，在必要的时候，可以眨眨眼，讲个笑话，谈笑风生地解决棘手难题，彬彬有礼有条不紊说服对方。交涉，甚至是稍稍地唠叨，就可以达成解决方案。福克兰群岛事件，在他看来，租赁计划或许行得通，而加固岛屿的做法则并不明智。然而，所有这些都向阿根廷人传递了错误的信号。总之，他最后一次因原则问题辞去内阁职务，在温莎城堡里，向女王交出了外交大臣印章。
An additional sorrow was that he was not at Margaret Thatcher’s side in the Commons to take his share of the flak. For his House was the Lords, and always had been. He was the first foreign secretary for 75 years never to have held elected office (A seat on Buckinghamshire County Council did not quite count.) He would have relished the challenge of running, but as a hereditary peer that path was closed. His first government job，as an under-secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture in 1951, was announced to him by a man on a bicycle in the middle of a partridge shoot. He enjoyed the gentleman farmer’s life, but was ready for politics, even in the less important second chamber.
更加悲哀的是，卡林顿勋爵没有站在下议院玛格丽特·撒切尔这一方，承担他应受的批评。因为他是与上议院一派，并且永远都是。75年来，他是第一位未担任过民选职务的外交部长（曾任职于白金汉郡议会的一个席位并不算数）。他本可以从竞选中获得乐趣，但作为世袭的贵族议员，这条路行不通。1951年，卡林顿勋爵获正式聘任到丘吉尔政府出任农业部副部长，一名骑自行车的男子告诉他这个消息，当时他正在打野鸡，这是他首次在在政府里任职。尽管他享受田园生活，但也已经做好了从政的准备，即使在不太重要的上议院任职。
And he had tried to resign from that post too, again for good reason: a kerfuffle over a piece of land in Dorset, Crichel Down, which the government had requisitioned and then transferred, ignoring the owners’ rights. An inquiry found against the ministry, and he prepared to go. But Churchill, then prime minister, told him not to. In1974, when the Tories lost the election, he considered leaving yet again.
他也曾有充分的理由，试图辞去这一职务：克里切尔高地多塞特（Dorset）的一片土地上曾发生混乱，政府征用并转让了这片土地，而忽略了所有者的权利。一项调查做出对部门不利的裁决，于是卡林顿勋爵准备引咎辞职。但是当时的首相丘吉尔（Churchill）告诉他不必如此。1974年，当保守党在选举中失利时，他又一次考虑辞职。
Was he being over-dramatic? No; he did not go in for that. A very stiff upper lip was the rule. He was brought up under discipline, from the need to arrive on time at family dinner (his dinner jacket, stiff shirt and collar already laid out by the footman), to organising his work at Eton (where he was dim at everything, but not in the least unhappy), to endless drills in the Grenadier Guards. Through it all, he never bellyached. A spy scandal at the Admiralty, when he was First Lord in the early 1960s, was “unpleasant”. It was also “rather disagreeable” to drive his tank in 1944 on to a bridge at Nijmegen, which was thought to be mined, in the face of German fire, even if it earned him the Military Cross—which he did not mention in his memoirs.
他是不是过分戏剧化了？不，他并不这么认为。抑制情绪、镇静应对是他的原则。他家教严格，小到准时到达参加晚餐（他的礼服夹克，硬衬衫和衣领都要由男仆整理妥帖），大到安排伊顿的所有工作（在那里他对一切都不太赞成，但也不是完全不开心），以及无休止地在英国近卫步兵第一团进行军事演练。尽管一切如此，他也毫无怨言。20世纪60年代初他是海军大臣，当时海军部的一场间谍丑闻非常“令他感到不高兴”。在1944，把他的坦克开到奈梅亨的一座桥上，也是相当“令人烦恼的”。人们认为那座桥布了地雷，他直面着德国的战火。虽然因这件事他获得了十字勋章，他本人也并未在回忆录中提及。
Diplomat in Wonderland
理想的外交官
War was a leveller, and that greatly appealed to him. Though he spoke in a patrician drawl, one forefinger thoughtfully patrolling his chin, he was no snob. He loved brash, informal Australia, where he was high commissioner. His family’s nobility was recent, after all, a reward from William Pitt at the end of the 18th century. He took up that dash of Toryism, but his deeper creed was his family’s Whiggism and Liberalism: tolerance, reasonableness, pragmatism. Pragmatically he preached the virtues of embracing Europe, which he had seen rise out of ruins, and the political as well as the military concordat enshrined in NATO, which he headed in the 1980s. Reasonably, he thought that Britain should be run by the best-trained and most sensible people. Democracy, in the unbridled sense, worried him a bit.
战争就是一场较量，这大大的引起了他的兴趣。虽然他带着贵族气质缓慢地说话，一只食指经常在下巴上来回打转，若有所思，但他并不是势利小人。他在澳大利亚担任高级专员并喜欢傲慢、随意的澳大利亚人。毕竟他家族的贵族地位获得不久，是在十八世纪后期威廉·皮特授予的。虽然他接受了这一系列的托利主义，但他更深刻地信仰他的家庭辉格党主义和自由主义：那就是宽容、理性和实用主义。他务实地宣扬这些美德，拥抱欧洲，他也从人们在重建废墟中看到了这些品德，20世纪80年代他领导的北约时，坚持政治和军事的政教协定。他认为英国应该由最训练有素、最明智的人来管理。民主，意味着不对人们进行控制，这点让他有所顾虑。
Once in politics himself, he kept the bear-pit at arm’s length. Over his 30 years’ service he ran some difficult departments: Defence after1970, at a time of sharp cuts in spending, and Energy from 1974, during the three-day week and the miners’ strike. He stayed cool to any sort of ideology. That was sometimes not to Margaret’s liking; it took nifty footwork to convince her that the Foreign and Commonwealth Office was, in fact, “sticking up for Britain”. But his “wetness” made him the perfect diplomat.
在他的政治生涯里，他拿捏有度,进退有方。在过去的30年服务生涯里，他主管过很多棘手部门：1970年后在国防部，他经历了经费的大幅削减；1974年起在能源部，他经历了“一星期只供电3天”的危机以及矿工的罢工。他对任何的思想观念都保持冷静的态度。这有时不符合玛格丽特的想法；但他总能用俏皮的方式说服她：事实上，外交和联邦事务部是在“坚持英国特色”。他的圆滑使他成为一名出色的外交官。
Generally, he got on well with people. Every prime minister he worked for, he liked, especially Macmillan, of whom he could do a pretty good imitation. (Later, he named his dogs after them; but he adored his dogs.) Most foreign leaders fell for his charm, if only for a time. He kept intact his sense of the ridiculousness of the world; his favourite book was “Alice in Wonderland”. That humour fortified him even during the most arduous talks of all, those that produced the Lancaster House agreement of1979, which paved the way for black rule in an independent Zimbabwe. They took 14 weeks. He was accused of selling out white Rhodesians, but found their attitude untenable. Robert Mugabe seemed intelligent and amenable, and there was no alternative. He had few post facto regrets.
总体来说，他和人们相处得很好。每一位他曾经服务过的首相，他都很喜欢，尤其是麦克米兰，他甚至可以很好地模仿这位首相。（之后，他用他们的名字给他家的狗取名；事实上，他很爱他的狗。）大多数的领导人都感受到了他的魅力，哪怕只是相处那么一段时间。他完整地保持着对这个世界荒谬感的认识；他最爱的书是《爱丽丝漫游仙境》。他的幽默帮了他不少忙，甚至在最艰难的几次谈判中，比如催生了1979年兰卡斯特宫协议那次，这为独立的津巴布韦黑人统治铺平了道路。他被人指控出卖了罗德西亚白种人，这些人花了14周时间才发现他们的态度是站不住脚的。罗伯特·穆加贝看起来睿智且有责任感，并且他们没有别的选择。他很少在事后后悔。
Did he have more over the Falklands, sacrificing a job he was so good at? No. He regretted only the many lives lost in that war. When journalists sought him out in retirement, at his Georgian house in Bledlow in Buckinghamshire (with its lovingly restored garden and agreeable proportions), they would inevitably raise the subject of his shouldering of blame. “It’s so boring,” he would sigh. But so rare.
还有比福克兰群岛之战更让他过不去的事儿吗？为此他失去了如此擅长的工作（引咎辞职）。不，他从来只是为了在战争中丧命的人们惋惜。当记者们在白金汉郡布尔多（Bledlow）的乔治亚宫找到退休后的他，（看到了他精心呵护的花园和令人愉悦的陈设），这些人必然会提起的话题是他曾遭受的指责。“太无聊了。”他可能会叹息。但这十分少见。
翻译组：
Li Xia, 女， HR, 经济学人发烧友
Yi, 女，财务民工，经济学人爱好者
Cece，女，消防工作者，CATTI三笔
Lucia ，女，翻译学硕士三年制，经济学人粉丝
校核组：
Yao,男，英专本科生，北大苗子
Lee，男，医学英译 Timberland爱好者
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观点|评论|思考
本次观点由Neil全权执笔
Neil, 男，外贸民工，经济学人铁粉
按照咱们的习俗，能活到99岁想必是极有福气的。的确，卡林顿出生贵族，世袭上议院议员，30出头就进入丘吉尔内阁，小编也只能感叹“别人的30岁”.此后几十年一路高升，在政府内担任要职，要不是马岛战争意外爆发，卡林顿迫于压力和正直选择辞职，他很有能成为英国总理。辞职后，在撒切尔夫人的安排下就任NATO秘书长，极其出色的协调能力使NATO影响力迅速扩大。卡林顿有次电视采访中提到成功外交的条件“Patience, consistency, knowledge, and if you want to be successful in the end, a great big slice of luck”。
二战到苏联解体这40年出现了很多代表性的政客，他们的观念完全塑造了整个西方世界，虽不及丘吉尔、肯尼迪、里根、撒切尔那么知名，但卡林顿的影响力也是极其重要的。
相比较其他西方政客极力推崇民主，卡林顿显得很冷静。在一次采访中，卡林顿说出一段很有意思的话：“ the Cold War wasn’t a very good idea in terms of international relations and it was very expensive, but it imposed a discipline which has now disappeared”。苏联虽然邪恶，但是他的存在给很多国家带来了自律。卡林顿对叙利亚和中东局势的观点和现在政客们显得很不一样，现代政客偏向于干预，卡琳顿则表示：“almost everything that’s happened in the Middle East – I mean in Iraq, Afghanistan, Egypt, Libya – has been made worse by our interventions”。
小编内心还是很赞成卡林顿的观点，中东老百姓原本虽然在极权体制下生活，但也还有一口饭吃。现在的中东国家可以称得上人间地狱，西方社会想要传递的民主最后却变成一次次残酷的战争。
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愿景
小组
现有一经济学人大群,如果您也有兴趣，可联系小编WeChat : foxwulihua。