上网太多容易抑郁？

Doctors have issued the first guidance advising parents to limit their children’s access to technology as a study linked heavy social media use by teenagers to signs of depression. 随着一项研究发现，青少年过度使用社交媒体与抑郁症状有关，医生发布了第一份指导意见，建议父母限制孩子接触科技产品。 Children should not watch television or go online within an hour of bedtime, doctors have recommended.医生建议，儿童不应在睡前一小时内看电视或上网。 Parents should also set a good example by controlling their own phone use in front of children, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health said. 英国皇家儿科和儿童健康学院称，父母也应该在孩子面前控制自己的手机使用，树立一个好榜样。 The guidance came as a study found that teenagers who spent long hours on social media were twice as likely to show symptoms of depression, with girls affected more. 一项研究发现，长时间使用社交媒体的青少年出现抑郁症状的可能性是同龄人的两倍，女孩受影响会更大。

Poor sleep and cyberbullying were likely to explain why heavy use of social media led to mental health problems, according to an analysis in the journal EClinicalmedicine of data from 11,000 children aged 14. 《临床医学》杂志对1.1万名14岁儿童的数据进行了分析，结果显示，睡眠质量差和网络欺凌可能是社交媒体过度使用导致心理健康问题的原因。 Among girls, depressive symptoms rose steadily the more they used social media, with 38 per cent of those who were online for more than five hours a day saying that they felt miserable, tired, restless, worthless or tearful. 在女孩中，使用社交媒体越多，抑郁症状就会稳步上升，38%每天上网超过5小时的女孩表示，她们感到痛苦、疲惫、不安、没有价值或伤感。 For boys the comparable figure was 14 per cent. 而男孩的这一比例为14%。

This could be because girls tended to experience more bullying on sites such as Instagram and Snapchat, said Yvonne Kelly, of University College London, who led the study. 领导这项研究的伦敦大学学院的伊冯.凯利说，这可能是因为女孩在照片墙和Snapchat等网站上更容易遭受欺凌。 She added that there was a “stronger association” between the use of social media and mental health than had been seen with other screen time, such as watching television. 她补充说，使用社交媒体与心理健康之间的“联系”比其他屏幕时间(如看电视)“更为密切”。 “I suspect social media is a case apart from other screens because of its interactive nature.” “我怀疑社交媒体是一个不同于其他屏幕的案例，因为它具有交互性。” The advice from the college is that although screens are not inherently bad, long hours online or watching television risk distracting children from sleep, exerciseand family time. 来自该大学的建议是，尽管屏幕本身并不坏，但长时间上网或看电视有分散孩子睡眠、锻炼和家庭时间的风险。 Blue light from screens is thought to interfere with production of the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin, while overstimulation also keeps children awake. 来自屏幕的蓝光据称会干扰睡眠诱导荷尔蒙褪黑激素的产生，而过度刺激也会让孩子们保持清醒。 Poor sleep is known to increase the risk of depression. 众所周知，睡眠不足会增加患抑郁症的风险。 A quarter of girls in their late teens have problems such as depression or anxiety. 四分之一的女孩在她们的青少年晚期有抑郁或焦虑等问题。 Dame Sally Davies, the chief medical officer, is investigating how much social media use is contributing. 首席医疗官莎莉.戴维斯爵士正在调查社交媒体的使用在多大程度上起到了作用。 The United States has long recommended that very young children are kept away from screens and older ones limited to an hour or two a day, but until now Britain has not had official recommendations for parents. 长期以来，美国一直建议非常年幼的孩子远离屏幕，年龄较大的孩子每天不得超过一两个小时，但到目前为止，英国还没有针对父母的官方建议。 In guidance being issued today, the royal college says that there is no good evidence for setting national daily limits, which it maintains has not improved America’s relationship with screens. 英国皇家学院在今日发布的指导意见中表示，并没有充分的证据表明要设定全国性的每日限量，该学院坚称，而这并没有改善美国人与屏幕的关系。 “That’s not the right focus,” Max Davie, health promotion officer at the college, said. “这不是正确的关注点，”该学院健康促进官员马克斯·戴维说。 “The right focus is 'Are you getting enough sleep, enough exercise, are you spending enough time with your family?’ ” “正确的关注点应该是'你是否有足够的睡眠、足够的锻炼、足够的时间和家人在一起?’” Television and internet use could be educational and entertaining, meaning the test of problematic use was whether they interfered with what families wanted to do, such as spending time with each other and getting outdoors, Dr Davie said. 戴维博士说，看电视和上网可以是一种教育和娱乐活动，也就是说，判断看电视和上网是否有问题，要看电视和上网是否干扰了家庭成员想做的事情，比如和家人呆在一起、到户外活动。 If families felt their screen time was under control, Dr Davie said that they could “get on with life and stop worrying” but if it was not, they should impose rules such as no screens at mealtimes. 戴维博士说，如果家人觉得他们的屏幕时间得到了控制，他们可以“继续生活，不再担心”，但如果不是这样，他们应该制定一些规定，比如在用餐时间不要看屏幕。 He added: “Children do learn from example rather than instruction. It’s very difficult to impose strict limits on children’s screen use if you’re constantly on a screen yourself. It’s a basic principle of parenting that you shouldn’t be hypocritical.” 他补充说:“孩子们确实是从榜样而不是从指导中学习。如果你自己经常在屏幕上，很难对儿童屏幕的使用施加严格的限制。这是为人父母的基本原则，你不应该虚伪。 Lack of sleep is likely to be a key reason for links between screen use and mental health problems, the college found. 该学院发现，缺乏睡眠可能是使用屏幕与心理健康问题之间存在联系的一个关键原因。 It made a specific recommendation that children should avoid television or internet for an hour before bed. 它特别建议儿童睡前一小时不要看电视或上网。 “There is a difficult discussion about whether phones get taken to bed because it’s difficult to police the guidance if screens [are] available,” Dr Davie said. 戴维斯博士说:“关于手机是否可以被带到床上，存在着一场艰难的讨论。 However, Stephen Scott, of King’s College London, said it would have been more helpful to specify limits such as an hour a day. 不过，伦敦国王学院的斯蒂芬·斯科特表示，如果能具体规定每天一小时之类的时间限制，或许会更有帮助。 “Given that surveys show that many children use screens for 4-6 hours a day this would be quite a reduction in vulnerable groups,” he said. 他说:“调查显示，许多儿童每天使用屏幕4-6小时，这一规定将大大减少屏幕用时的数量。” “The notion that it should stop one hour before bedtime is welcome, but more detail on exactly how to turn off wi-fi access and keep smartphones out of the bedroom would help parents.” “应该在睡觉前一小时停止使用智能手机的想法是受欢迎的，但关于如何关闭wi-fi接入以及如何将智能手机拒之门外的更多细节，将可以帮助到家长。” Russell Viner, president of the royal college, said that although research did suggest a link between screen use and obesity and poor mental health, it would be wrong to blame screen use for the ills of modern society. 英国皇家学院院长罗素·维纳表示，尽管研究确实表明，使用屏幕与肥胖和心理健康不佳之间存在联系，但将现代社会的弊病归咎于使用屏幕是错误的。 “Digital screens are here to stay, we can’t put the genie back in the bottle.” “数字屏幕已经存在，我们不能把精灵放回瓶子里。”

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