when的特殊用法(表示“既然”吗)
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in 5 minutes.
参考译文:既然你能很容易用5分钟步行到那里,你还要乘坐出租车真是愚蠢。
(以上属于”用时间状语从句的形式表示“语气比较弱的原因” 但不可以使用because引导原因状语从句,因为不是真正语法上的原因状语从句)
A. before B. till C. so that D. when.
答案为D, 这里是既然的意思吧?当什么情况下来理解可不可以呢?谢谢!
解答如下:
when (用于引出某个观点、评论或问题的原因)既然,考虑到 (英文解释:You use when to introduce the reason for an opinion, comment, or question.)
How can I love myself when I look like this?.
我这个样子,怎么能对自己满意呢?
Emerald starlings are fairly small when compared with other such birds.
与同类的其他鸟相比,翠辉椋鸟要小很多。
(备注:when的基本意义和用法是“当....的时候”其他表示原因,条件,对比,让步“都是属于引申意义用法)
when作从属连词的使用除了引导时间状语从句和作关系副词引导定语从句,作连接副词引导名词性从句之外,而且还有些特殊用法,现归纳如下:
【1】表示原因,但是语气比较弱,相当于in view of the fact that; considering that;since 既然;考虑到。
How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me?
既然他们不愿听我的,我又怎么能帮助他们弄明白呢?
I can’t tell you anything when you won’t listen.
既然你不想听,我就什么也不告诉你。
(备注:以上虽然表示原因,但是不能使用表示原因的从属连词because, as)
【2】表示条件,when表示对某事是否会发生有把握,所表示出的这种条件其实是主句动作或意义发生的一个前提; if对某事是否会发生没有把握。
How can I get a job when I can't even read or write?
如果我连读和写都不会,我怎么能找到工作呢?
How can you hope for mercy when you show none?
如果你不宽恕别人,你怎么能希望得到别人的宽恕呢?
Let you know when you need money. (I’m sure you’ll need money.)
Let you know if you need money. (Perhaps you’ll need money.)
【3】when从句中使用虚拟语气,从句表示的语气较弱,内含一定程度上的遗憾。在从句中多用might, could, should等。意为“本来……却……”。
She paid when she could have entered free.
本来可以免费入场,而她却付了款。
She stopped trying when she might have succeeded next time.
她本来下次有可能获得成功,但她却不再尝试了。
Professor Li walks to work when he might ride.
李教授虽然有车可坐,但他还是步行去上班。
【4】表示对比,相当于while; whereas,意为“然而”。
They have only three copies when we need five.
他们只有三本,而我们却需要五本。
【5】强调对所描述的事件予以引人注目的强调,意为“这时;突然”。
He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑着的时候,门突然开了,他妻子走了进来。
We were about to start when it began to rain.
我们刚要出发就开始下雨了。
He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.
他刚要走就有人敲门。
【6】表示让步,虽然,然而,可是
(用于引出使句子的其他部分显得让人吃惊或不大可能的事实或评论)虽然,然而,可是 (英文解释:You use when in order to introduce a fact or comment which makes the other part of the sentence rather surprising or unlikely.)
I usually walk when I might ride.
虽然我可以骑车,但是我通常都走路。
We had only two chairs when they need five.
我们仅有3把椅子,然和他们需要5把。
Our mothers sat us down to read and paint, when all we really wanted to do was to make a mess...
我们的母亲让我们坐下来读书和画画,而我们真正想做的却是打打闹闹。
The temperature sensor is making the computer think the engine is cold when, in fact, it's hot.
温度传感器发给计算机的信息为发动机是冷却的,可实际上它的温度很高。
(备注:以上属于”用时间状语从句的形式表示“原因,条件,让步,对比” 但不可以相应连词引相对应的状语从句。)