洗舱、装卸货的注意事项 -- Mineral Concentrates

做Handy装过好多载copper concentrates (中文叫铜精粉？)、zinc concentrates、lead concentrates。总的来说，这些货还算比较容易装，验舱没有粮食和铝粉那么严格，但是因为货物本身的特性，还是有很多需要注意的地方。

▼- Zinc Concentrates▼

▼- Lead Concentrates▼

▼- Copper Concentrates▼

上述几种货IMSBC Code 把它们归为“Metal Sulphide Concentrates”或者“Mineral Concentrates”。请看如下的定义：

METAL SULPHIDE CONCENTRATES(See also Mineral Concentrates schedule)

Description

Mineral concentrates are refined ores in which the valuable components have been enriched by eliminating the bulk of waste materials. Generally the particle size is small although agglomerates sometimes exist in concentrates which have not been freshly produced.

The most common concentrates in this category are: zinc concentrates, lead concentrates, copper concentrates and low-grade middling concentrates.

Characteristics

Class: MHB （注：MHB – Material Hazardous only in bulk，具体的归类大家可以去查看IMSBC Code对MHB的定义）

Group: A and B （注：Group A cargoes – which may liquefy if shipped at a moisture content in excess of their transportable moisture limit; Group B cargoes – which possess a chemical hazard that could give rise to a dangerous situation on a ship. 详情可查阅IMSBC Code对Group A, B and C的分类）

MINERAL CONCENTRATES

CEMENT COPPER

COPPER CONCENTRATE

IRON CONCENTRATE

IRON CONCENTRATE (pellet feed)

IRON CONCENTRATE (sinter feed)

LEAD AND ZINC CALCINES (mixed)

LEAD AND ZINC MIDDLINGS

LEAD CONCENTRATE

LEAD ORE RESIDUE

LEAD SILVER CONCENTRATE

MANGANESE CONCENTRATE

NEFELINE SYENITE (mineral)

NICKEL CONCENTRATE

PENTAHYDRATE CRUDE

PYRITES

PYRITIC ASHES (iron)

PYRITIC CINDERS

SILVER LEAD CONCENTRATE

SLIG (iron ore)

ZINC AND LEAD CALCINES (mixed)

ZINC AND LEAD MIDDLINGS

ZINC CONCENTRATE

ZINC SINTER

ZINC SLUDGE

See also the entries for METAL SULPHIDE CONCENTRATES.

Description

Mineral concentrates are refined ores in which valuable components have been enriched by eliminating the bulk of waste materials.

Characteristics

Class: Not applicable

Group: A

根据上面的描述，基本就可以总结出装这类型货该注意的点：一是注意可能会liquefy；二是注意可能会危害环境或者说Hazardous的属性。

关于第一点“可能会liquefy”，这主要是针对Group A和Group A and B cargoes。货物属于哪种货，Shipper's Declaration上面会写的很清楚，比如下面这张Lead Concentrate, 属于Group A and B。

装这种类型的货物有如下要求：

1.文件要齐全：① Shipper's Declaration; ② FMP/TML test results; ③ Moisturecontent; ④ 其他文件：像上面的例子中就有提到Additional Certificate(s) – “Certificate of moisture content and transportable moisturelimit” and “Other (specify): MSDS”。

2. Moisture content 要低于Transportable Moisture Limit (TML)。

3. 除非另有规定，下雨天 (during the precipitation) 不装货。在actual moisture content足够低于TML的情况下，可以下雨天装货，但是要确保actual moisture content不会因为下雨增加而大于TML。

4. 除非另有规定，没有作业的舱 (non-working hatches) 要关上。

5. 下雨天可以卸货，但是条件是这些货都会在这个港全部卸掉。

6. 其他：船员在装货之前需要做can test，或者委托PNI Surveyor做Pre-loading survey。

▼Can Test 如下图：▼

关于第二点需要注意的地方，要看Shipper's Declaration 和Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) 。

下面这份Shipper's Declaration就明确写明货物属于IMDG Code Class 9 UN3077以及它Environmentally hazardous substances (EHS) /Marine Pollutant和Harmful to Marine Environment (HME) 的属性。

对于Ops来讲，船员在装货时候如何防护这个不是Ops需要注意的，Ops需要注意如何处理cargo residues和holds washing water。按照普通的清舱流程，掺杂着剩余货渣的洗舱水会等开到12nm以外被排掉。上述货物本身对海洋环境有害，按照MARPOL是不可以排到海上，所以只能安排岸上的工人把货清走并把洗舱水也带走。这就要求船东在订立期租合同条款的时候要求租家负责dispose cargo residues和washing water。比如BIMCO Hold Cleaning / Residue Disposal Clause for Time Charter Parties:

c) Throughout the currency of this Charter Party and at redelivery, the Charterers shall remain responsible for all costs and time, including deviation, if any, associated with the removal and disposal of cargo related residues and/or hold washing water and/or chemicals and detergents and/or waste as defined by MARPOL Annex V, Regulation 1 or other applicable rules relating to the disposal of such substances.

（注：需要注意的是，按照这个条款，租家只是负责处理掉货物和洗舱水，并不是说这种做法就代替了洗舱而不需要付扫舱费ILOHC or IHC。）