3W字带你迅速上手MQ

1. 消息队列解决了什么问题

消息中间件是目前比较流行的一个中间件,其中RabbitMQ更是占有一定的市场份额,主要用来做异步处理、应用解耦、流量削峰、日志处理等等方面。

1. 异步处理

一个用户登陆网址注册,然后系统发短信跟邮件告知注册成功,一般有三种解决方法。

  1. 串行到依次执行,问题是用户注册后就可以使用了,没必要等验证码跟邮件。

  2. 注册成功后,邮件跟验证码用并行等方式执行,问题是邮件跟验证码是非重要的任务,系统注册还要等这俩完成么?

  3. 基于异步MQ的处理,用户注册成功后直接把信息异步发送到MQ中,然后邮件系统跟验证码系统主动去拉取数据

2. 应用解耦

比如我们有一个订单系统,还要一个库存系统,用户下订单了就要调用下库存系统来处理,直接调用到话库存系统出现问题咋办呢?

3. 流量削峰

举办一个 秒杀活动,如何较好到设计?服务层直接接受瞬间搞密度访问绝对不可以起码要加入一个MQ。

4. 日志处理

用户通过WebUI访问发送请求到时候后端如何接受跟处理呢一般?

2. RabbitMQ 安装跟配置

官网:https://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html

开发语言:https://www.erlang.org/

正式到安装跟允许需要Erlang跟RabbitMQ俩版本之间相互兼容!我这里图省事直接用Docker 拉取镜像了。下载:

开启:管理页面 默认账号:guest  默认密码:guest 。Docker启动时候可以指定账号密码对外端口以及

docker run -d --hostname my-rabbit --name rabbit -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=admin -p 15672:15672 -p 5672:5672 -p 25672:25672 -p 61613:61613 -p 1883:1883 rabbitmq:management

启动:

用户添加:

vitrual hosts 相当于mysql中的DB。创建一个virtual hosts,一般以/ 开头。

对用户进行授权,点击/vhost_mmr,

至于WebUI多点点即可了解。

3. 实战

RabbitMQ 官网支持任务模式:https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.htm

l创建Maven项目导入必要依赖:

<dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>            <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>            <version>4.0.2</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>            <version>1.7.10</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>            <version>1.7.5</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>log4j</groupId>            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>            <version>1.2.17</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>junit</groupId>            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>            <version>4.11</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies>

  

0. 获取MQ连接

package com.sowhat.mq.util;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class ConnectionUtils {    /**     * 连接器     * @return     * @throws IOException     * @throws TimeoutException     */    public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException, TimeoutException {        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();        factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");        factory.setPort(5672);        factory.setVirtualHost("/vhost_mmr");        factory.setUsername("user_mmr");        factory.setPassword("sowhat");        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();        return connection;    }}

  

1. 简单队列

P:Producer 消息的生产者 中间:Queue消息队列 C:Consumer 消息的消费者

package com.sowhat.mq.simple;import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send {    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_simple_queue";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        // 获取一个连接        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        // 从连接获取一个通道        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        // 创建队列声明        AMQP.Queue.DeclareOk declareOk = channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        String msg = "hello Simple";        // exchange,队列,参数,消息字节体        channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());        System.out.println("--send msg:" + msg);        channel.close();        connection.close();    }}---package com.sowhat.mq.simple;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;/** * 消费者获取消息 */public class Recv {    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {        newApi();        oldApi();    }    private static void newApi() throws IOException, TimeoutException {        // 创建连接        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        // 创建频道        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        // 队列声明  队列名,是否持久化,是否独占模式,无消息后是否自动删除,消息携带参数        channel.queueDeclare(Send.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);        // 定义消费者        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {            @Override  // 事件模型,消息来了会触发该函数            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {                String s = new String(body, "utf-8");                System.out.println("---new api recv:" + s);            }        };        // 监听队列        channel.basicConsume(Send.QUEUE_NAME,true,defaultConsumer);    }    // 老方法 消费者 MQ 在3。4以下 用次方法,    private static void oldApi() throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {        // 创建连接        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        // 创建频道        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        // 定义队列消费者        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);        //监听队列        channel.basicConsume(Send.QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);        while (true) {            // 发货体            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();            byte[] body = delivery.getBody();            String s = new String(body);            System.out.println("---Recv:" + s);        }    }}

  

右上角有可以设置页面刷新频率,然后可以在UI界面直接手动消费掉,如下图:

简单队列的不足:耦合性过高,生产者一一对应消费者,如果有多个消费者想消费队列中信息就无法实现了。

2. WorkQueue 工作队列

Simple队列中只能一一对应的生产消费,实际开发中生产者发消息很简单,而消费者要跟业务结合,消费者接受到消息后要处理从而会耗时。「可能会出现队列中出现消息积压」。所以如果多个消费者可以加速消费。

1. round robin 轮询分发

代码编程一个生产者两个消费者:

package com.sowhat.mq.work;import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send {    public static final String  QUEUE_NAME = "test_work_queue";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {        // 获取连接        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        // 获取 channel        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        // 声明队列        AMQP.Queue.DeclareOk declareOk = channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        for (int i = 0; i <50 ; i++) {            String msg = "hello-" + i;            System.out.println("WQ send " + msg);            channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,msg.getBytes());            Thread.sleep(i*20);        }        channel.close();        connection.close();    }}---package com.sowhat.mq.work;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv1 {    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        // 获取连接        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        // 获取通道        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        // 声明队列        channel.queueDeclare(Send.QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        //定义消费者        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {            @Override // 事件触发机制            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {                String s = new String(body, "utf-8");                System.out.println("【1】:" + s);                try {                    Thread.sleep(2000);                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                } finally {                    System.out.println("【1】 done");                }            }        };        boolean autoAck = true;        channel.basicConsume(Send.QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);    }}---package com.sowhat.mq.work;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv2 {    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        // 获取连接        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        // 获取通道        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        // 声明队列        channel.queueDeclare(Send.QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        //定义消费者        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {            @Override // 事件触发机制            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {                String s = new String(body, "utf-8");                System.out.println("【2】:" + s);                try {                    Thread.sleep(1000 );                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                } finally {                    System.out.println("【2】 done");                }            }        };        boolean autoAck = true;        channel.basicConsume(Send.QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);    }}

  

现象:消费者1 跟消费者2 处理的数据量完全一样的个数:消费者1:处理偶数 消费者2:处理奇数 这种方式叫轮询分发(round-robin)结果就是不管两个消费者谁忙,「数据总是你一个我一个」,MQ 给两个消费发数据的时候是不知道消费者性能的,默认就是雨露均沾。此时 autoAck = true。

2. 公平分发 fair dipatch

如果要实现公平分发,要让消费者消费完毕一条数据后就告知MQ,再让MQ发数据即可。自动应答要关闭!

package com.sowhat.mq.work;import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send {    public static final String  QUEUE_NAME = "test_work_queue";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {        // 获取连接        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        // 获取 channel        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        // s声明队列        AMQP.Queue.DeclareOk declareOk = channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        // 每个消费者发送确认消息之前,消息队列不发送下一个消息到消费者,一次只发送一个消息        // 从而限制一次性发送给消费者到消息不得超过1个。        int perfetchCount = 1;        channel.basicQos(perfetchCount);        for (int i = 0; i <50 ; i++) {            String msg = "hello-" + i;            System.out.println("WQ send " + msg);            channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,msg.getBytes());            Thread.sleep(i*20);        }        channel.close();        connection.close();    }}---package com.sowhat.mq.work;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv1 {    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        // 获取连接        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        // 获取通道        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        // 声明队列        channel.queueDeclare(Send.QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        // 保证一次只分发一个        channel.basicQos(1);        //定义消费者        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {            @Override // 事件触发机制            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {                String s = new String(body, "utf-8");                System.out.println("【1】:" + s);                try {                    Thread.sleep(2000);                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                } finally {                    System.out.println("【1】 done");                    // 手动回执                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);                }            }        };        // 自动应答        boolean autoAck = false;        channel.basicConsume(Send.QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);    }}---package com.sowhat.mq.work;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv2 {    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        // 获取连接        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        // 获取通道        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        // 声明队列        channel.queueDeclare(Send.QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        // 保证一次只分发一个        channel.basicQos(1);        //定义消费者        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {            @Override // 事件触发机制            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {                String s = new String(body, "utf-8");                System.out.println("【2】:" + s);                try {                    Thread.sleep(1000);                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                } finally {                    System.out.println("【2】 done");                    // 手动回执                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);                }            }        };        // 自动应答        boolean autoAck = false;        channel.basicConsume(Send.QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);    }}

  

结果:实现了公平分发,消费者2 是消费者1消费数量的2倍。

3. publish/subscribe 发布订阅模式

类似公众号的订阅跟发布,无需指定routingKey:

解读:

  1. 一个生产者多个消费者

  2. 每一个消费者都有一个自己的队列

  3. 生产者没有把消息直接发送到队列而是发送到了交换机转化器(exchange)

  4. 每一个队列都要绑定到交换机上。

  5. 生产者发送的消息经过交换机到达队列,从而实现一个消息被多个消费者消费。

生产者:

package com.sowhat.mq.ps;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send {    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        //声明交换机        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"fanout");// 分发= fanout        // 发送消息        String msg = "hello ps ";        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"",null,msg.getBytes());        System.out.println("Send:" + msg);        channel.close();        connection.close();    }}

  

消息哪儿去了?丢失了,在RabbitMQ中只有队列有存储能力,「因为这个时候队列还没有绑定到交换机 所以消息丢失了」。消费者:

package com.sowhat.mq.ps;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv1 {    public static final String  QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_fanout_email";    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        // 队列声明        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);        // 绑定队列到交换机转发器        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"" );        // 保证一次只分发一个        channel.basicQos(1);        //定义消费者        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {            @Override // 事件触发机制            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {                String s = new String(body, "utf-8");                System.out.println("【1】:" + s);                try {                    Thread.sleep(2000);                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                } finally {                    System.out.println("【1】 done");                    // 手动回执                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);                }            }        };        // 自动应答        boolean autoAck = false;        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);    }}---package com.sowhat.mq.ps;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv2 {    public static final String  QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_fanout_sms";    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        // 队列声明        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);        // 绑定队列到交换机转发器        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"" );        // 保证一次只分发一个        channel.basicQos(1);        //定义消费者        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {            @Override // 事件触发机制            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {                String s = new String(body, "utf-8");                System.out.println("【2】:" + s);                try {                    Thread.sleep(1000);                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                } finally {                    System.out.println("【2】 done");                    // 手动回执                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);                }            }        };        // 自动应答        boolean autoAck = false;        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);    }}

  

「同时还可以自己手动的添加一个队列监控到该exchange」

4. routing 路由选择 通配符模式

Exchange(交换机,转发器):「一方面接受生产者消息,另一方面是向队列推送消息」。匿名转发用 ""  表示,比如前面到简单队列跟WorkQueue。fanout:不处理路由键。「不需要指定routingKey」,我们只需要把队列绑定到交换机,「消息就会被发送到所有到队列中」direct:处理路由键,「需要指定routingKey」,此时生产者发送数据到时候会指定key,任务队列也会指定key,只有key一样消息才会被传送到队列中。如下图

package com.sowhat.mq.routing;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send {    public static final String  EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        // exchange        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"direct");        String msg = "hello info!";        // 可以指定类型        String routingKey = "info";        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,routingKey,null,msg.getBytes());        System.out.println("Send : " + msg);        channel.close();        connection.close();    }}---package com.sowhat.mq.routing;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv1 {    public static final String  EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct";    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_direct_1";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);        channel.basicQos(1);        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"error");        //定义消费者        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {            @Override // 事件触发机制            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {                String s = new String(body, "utf-8");                System.out.println("【1】:" + s);                try {                    Thread.sleep(2000);                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                } finally {                    System.out.println("【1】 done");                    // 手动回执                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);                }            }        };        // 自动应答        boolean autoAck = false;        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);    }}---package com.sowhat.mq.routing;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv2 {    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct";    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_direct_2";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        channel.basicQos(1);        // 绑定种类似 Key        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "error");        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "info");        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "warning");        //定义消费者        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {            @Override // 事件触发机制            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {                String s = new String(body, "utf-8");                System.out.println("【2】:" + s);                try {                    Thread.sleep(1000);                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                } finally {                    System.out.println("【2】 done");                    // 手动回执                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);                }            }        };        // 自动应答        boolean autoAck = false;        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);    }}

  

WebUI:

缺点:路由key必须要明确,无法实现规则性模糊匹配。

5. Topics 主题

将路由键跟某个模式匹配,# 表示匹配 >=1个字符, *表示匹配一个。生产者会带routingKey,但是消费者的MQ会带模糊routingKey。

商品:发布、删除、修改、查询。

package com.sowhat.mq.topic;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send {    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        // exchange        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");        String msg = "商品!";        // 可以指定类型        String routingKey = "goods.find";        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey, null, msg.getBytes());        System.out.println("Send : " + msg);        channel.close();        connection.close();    }}---package com.sowhat.mq.topic;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv1 {    public static final String  EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic";    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_topic_1";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);        channel.basicQos(1);        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"goods.add");        //定义消费者        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {            @Override // 事件触发机制            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {                String s = new String(body, "utf-8");                System.out.println("【1】:" + s);                try {                    Thread.sleep(2000);                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                } finally {                    System.out.println("【1】 done");                    // 手动回执                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);                }            }        };        // 自动应答        boolean autoAck = false;        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);    }}---package com.sowhat.mq.topic;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv2 {    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic";    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_topic_2";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        channel.basicQos(1);        // 此乃重点        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "goods.#");        //定义消费者        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {            @Override // 事件触发机制            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {                String s = new String(body, "utf-8");                System.out.println("【2】:" + s);                try {                    Thread.sleep(1000);                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                } finally {                    System.out.println("【2】 done");                    // 手动回执                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);                }            }        };        // 自动应答        boolean autoAck = false;        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);    }}

  

6. MQ的持久化跟非持久化

因为消息在内存中,如果MQ挂了那么消息也丢失了,所以应该考虑MQ的持久化。MQ是支持持久化的,

// 声明队列channel.queueDeclare(Send.QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);    /**     * Declare a queue     * @see com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP.Queue.Declare     * @see com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP.Queue.DeclareOk     * @param queue the name of the queue     * @param durable true if we are declaring a durable queue (the queue will survive a server restart)     * @param exclusive true if we are declaring an exclusive queue (restricted to this connection)     * @param autoDelete true if we are declaring an autodelete queue (server will delete it when no longer in use)     * @param arguments other properties (construction arguments) for the queue     * @return a declaration-confirm method to indicate the queue was successfully declared     * @throws java.io.IOException if an error is encountered     */    Queue.DeclareOk queueDeclare(String queue, boolean durable, boolean exclusive, boolean autoDelete,                                 Map<String, Object> arguments) throws IOException;

  

boolean durable就是表明是否可以持久化,如果我们将程序中的durable = false改为true是不可以的!因为我们已经定义过的test_work_queue,这个queue已声明为未持久化的。结论:MQ 不允许修改一个已经存在的队列参数。

7. 消费者端手动跟自动确认消息

// 自动应答        boolean autoAck = false;        channel.basicConsume(Send.QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);

当MQ发送数据个消费者后,消费者要对收到对信息应答给MQ。

如果autoAck = true 表示「自动确认模式」,一旦MQ把消息分发给消费者就会把消息从内存中删除。如果消费者收到消息但是还没有消费完而MQ中数据已删除则会导致丢失了正在处理对消息。

如果autoAck = false表示「手动确认模式」,如果有个消费者挂了,MQ因为没有收到回执信息可以把该信息再发送给其他对消费者。

MQ支持消息应答(Message acknowledgement),消费者发送一个消息应答告诉MQ这个消息已经被消费了,MQ才从内存中删除。消息应答模式「默认为 false」

8. RabbitMQ生产者端消息确认机制(事务 + confirm)

在RabbitMQ中我们可以通过持久化来解决MQ服务器异常的数据丢失问题,但是「生产者如何确保数据发送到MQ了」?默认情况下生产者也是不知道的。如何解决 呢?

1. AMQP事务

第一种方式AMQP实现了事务机制,类似mysql的事务机制。txSelect:用户将当前channel设置为transition模式。txCommit:用于提交事务。txRollback:用于回滚事务。

以上都是对生产者对操作。

package com.sowhat.mq.tx;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class TxSend {    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_tx";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        String msg = "hello tx message";        try {            //开启事务模式            channel.txSelect();            channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());            int x = 1 / 0;                        // 提交事务            channel.txCommit();        } catch (IOException e) {            // 回滚            channel.txRollback();            System.out.println("send message rollback");        } finally {            channel.close();            connection.close();        }    }}---package com.sowhat.mq.tx;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class TxRecv {    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_tx";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        String s = channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, new DefaultConsumer(channel) {            @Override            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {                System.out.println("recv[tx] msg:" + new String(body, "utf-8"));            }        });        channel.close();        connection.close();    }}

  

缺点就是大量对请求尝试然后失败然后回滚,会降低MQ的吞吐量。

2. Confirm模式。

「生产者端confirm实现原理」生产者将信道设置为confirm模式,一旦信道进入了confirm模式,所以该信道上发布的信息都会被派一个唯一的ID(从1开始),一旦消息被投递到所有的匹配队列后,Broker就回发送一个确认给生产者(包含消息唯一ID),这就使得生产者知道消息已经正确到达目的队列了,如果消息跟队列是可持久化的,那么确认消息会在消息写入到磁盘后才发出。broker回传给生产者到确认消息中deliver-tag域包含了确认消息到序列号,此外broker也可以设置basic.ack的multiple域,表示这个序列号之前所以信息都已经得到处理。

Confirm模式最大的好处在于是异步的。第一条消息发送后不用一直等待回复后才发第二条消息。

开启confirm模式:channel.confimSelect()编程模式:

1. 普通的发送一个消息后就 waitForConfirms()

package com.sowhat.confirm;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send1 {    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_confirm1";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        // 将channel模式设置为 confirm模式,注意设置这个不能设置为事务模式。        channel.confirmSelect();        String msg = "hello confirm message";        channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());        if (!channel.waitForConfirms()) {            System.out.println("消息发送失败");        } else {            System.out.println("消息发送OK");        }        channel.close();        connection.close();    }}---package com.sowhat.confirm;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv {    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_confirm1";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        String s = channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, new DefaultConsumer(channel) {            @Override            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {                System.out.println("recv[tx] msg:" + new String(body, "utf-8"));            }        });    }}

  

2. 批量的发一批数据 waitForConfirms()

package com.sowhat.confirm;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send2 {    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_confirm1";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        // 将channel模式设置为 confirm模式,注意设置这个不能设置为事务模式。        channel.confirmSelect();        String msg = "hello confirm message";        // 批量发送        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {            channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());        }        // 确认        if (!channel.waitForConfirms()) {            System.out.println("消息发送失败");        } else {            System.out.println("消息发送OK");        }        channel.close();        connection.close();    }}---接受信息跟上面一样

  

3. 异步confirm模式,提供一个回调方法。

Channel对象提供的ConfirmListener()回调方法只包含deliveryTag(包含当前发出消息序号),我们需要自己为每一个Channel维护一个unconfirm的消息序号集合,每publish一条数据,集合中元素加1,每回调一次handleAck方法,unconfirm集合删掉响应的一条(multiple=false)或多条(multiple=true)记录,从运行效率来看,unconfirm集合最好采用有序集合SortedSet存储结构。

package com.sowhat.mq.confirm;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.Collections;import java.util.SortedSet;import java.util.TreeSet;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send3 {    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_confirm3";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);        //生产者调用confirmSelect        channel.confirmSelect();        // 存放未确认消息        final SortedSet<Long> confirmSet = Collections.synchronizedSortedSet(new TreeSet<Long>());       // 添加监听通道        channel.addConfirmListener(new ConfirmListener() {            // 回执有问题的            public void handleAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {                if (multiple) {                    System.out.println("--handleNack---multiple");                    confirmSet.headSet(deliveryTag + 1).clear();                } else {                    System.out.println("--handleNack-- multiple false");                    confirmSet.remove(deliveryTag);                }            }            // 没有问题的handleAck            public void handleNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {                if (multiple) {                    System.out.println("--handleAck---multiple");                    confirmSet.headSet(deliveryTag + 1).clear();                } else {                    System.out.println("--handleAck--multiple false");                    confirmSet.remove(deliveryTag);                }            }        });        // 一般情况下是先开启 消费者,指定好 exchange跟routingkey,如果生产者等routingkey 就会触发这个return 方法        channel.addReturnListener(new ReturnListener() {            public void handleReturn(int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {                System.out.println("---- handle return----");                System.out.println("replyCode:" + replyCode );                System.out.println("replyText:" +replyText );                System.out.println("exchange:" + exchange);                System.out.println("routingKey:" + routingKey);                System.out.println("properties:" + properties);                System.out.println("body:" + new String(body));            }        });        String msgStr = "sssss";        while(true){            long nextPublishSeqNo = channel.getNextPublishSeqNo();            channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,msgStr.getBytes());            confirmSet.add(nextPublishSeqNo);            Thread.sleep(1000);        }    }}

  

总结:AMQP模式相对来说没Confirm模式性能好些,推荐使用后者。

9. RabbitMQ延迟队列 跟死信

淘宝订单付款,验证码等限时类型服务。

Map<String,Object> headers =  new HashMap<String,Object>();        headers.put("my1","111");        headers.put("my2","222");        AMQP.BasicProperties build = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().deliveryMode(2).contentEncoding("utf-8").expiration("10000").headers(headers).build();

  

死信的处理:

10. SpringBoot Tpoic Demo

需求图:

新建SpringBoot 项目添加如下依赖:

<dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>        </dependency>

  

1. 生产者

application.ymlspring:  rabbitmq:    host: 127.0.0.1    username: admin    password: admin

  

测试用例:

package com.sowhat.mqpublisher;import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;@SpringBootTestclass MqpublisherApplicationTests {    @Autowired    private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;    @Test    void userInfo() {        /**         * exchange,routingKey,message         */        this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("log.topic","user.log.error","Users...");    }}

  

2. 消费者

application.xmlspring:  rabbitmq:    host: 127.0.0.1    username: admin    password: admin# 自定义配置mq:  config:    exchange_name: log.topic    # 配置队列名称    queue_name:        info: log.info        error: log.error        logs: log.logs点击并拖拽以移动三个不同的消费者:package com.sowhat.mqconsumer.service;import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/** * @QueueBinding value属性:用于绑定一个队列。@Queue去查找一个名字为value属性中的值得队列,如果没有则创建,如果有则返回 * type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC 指定交换器类型。默认的direct交换器 */@Servicepublic class ErrorReceiverService {    /**      * 把一个方法跟一个队列进行绑定,收到消息后绑定给msg     */    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(            value = @Queue(value = "${mq.config.queue_name.error}"),            exchange = @Exchange(value = "${mq.config.exchange_name}", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),            key = "*.log.error"        )    )    public void process(String msg) {        System.out.println(msg + " Logs...........");    }}---package com.sowhat.mqconsumer.service;import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/** * @QueueBinding value属性:用于绑定一个队列。 * @Queue去查找一个名字为value属性中的值得队列,如果没有则创建,如果有则返回 */@Servicepublic class InfoReceiverService {    /**     * 添加一个能够处理消息的方法     */    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(            value = @Queue(value ="${mq.config.queue_name.info}"),            exchange = @Exchange(value = "${mq.config.exchange_name}",type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),            key = "*.log.info"    ))    public void process(String msg){        System.out.println(msg+" Info...........");    }}--package com.sowhat.mqconsumer.service;import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/** * @QueueBinding value属性:用于绑定一个队列。 * @Queue去查找一个名字为value属性中的值得队列,如果没有则创建,如果有则返回 */@Servicepublic class LogsReceiverService {    /**     * 添加一个能够处理消息的方法     */    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(            value = @Queue(value ="${mq.config.queue_name.logs}"),            exchange = @Exchange(value = "${mq.config.exchange_name}",type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),            key = "*.log.*"    ))    public void process(String msg){        System.out.println(msg+" Error...........");    }}

  

详细安装跟代码看参考下载:

总结

如果需要指定模式一般是在消费者端设置,灵活性调节。

模式 生产者Queue 生产者exchange 生产者routingKey 消费者exchange 消费者queue routingKey
Simple(简单模式少用) 指定 不指定 不指定 不指定 指定 不指定
WorkQueue(多个消费者少用) 指定 不指定 不指定 不指定 指定 不指定
fanout(publish/subscribe模式) 不指定 指定 不指定 指定 指定 不指定
direct(路由模式) 不指定 指定 指定 指定 指定 消费者routingKey精确指定多个
topic(主题模糊匹配) 不指定 指定 指定 指定 指定 消费者routingKey可以进行模糊匹配

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原作者:sowhat1412

原文链接:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/DUhHC2Oum7LNJnY76pbrxQ

来源:公众号

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