PNAS|光敏色素A提高植物生物钟成分以抑制深遮荫下的避荫
意义:
植物可以利用光敏色素光感受器检测邻近植被的邻近性和密度。在阴敏感物种中,冠层覆盖推动茎的伸长,促进光觅食。在资源严重有限的阴凉处,过度伸长的生长对植物的生存是有害的。在这些条件下,光敏色素- a信号抑制阴影回避。在这里,我们提供了控制这种反应的分子机制。研究人员发现,光敏色素A促进了昼夜时钟成分TIMING of CAB expression 1 (TOC1)、PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 (PRR7)、EARLY花3 (ELF3)和ELF4的表达,这些编码蛋白共同限制了下胚轴的延伸。这说明在胁迫环境下,光信号与昼夜节律钟相结合,调控植物的发育。
摘要:
避荫植物可以探测到邻近植被的存在,并在冠层覆盖限制光合作用之前唤起逃逸反应。茎的快速伸长促进了光的觅食,使植物能够超越竞争对手。这种反应的一个主要调节器是光敏色素B光感受器,它在低红光与远红光比例(低R:FR)的光环境中失活,这是植物阴影的特征。虽然遮荫可以提供植物的竞争优势,速生林分,过度伸长可以有害植物的生存。因此,植物进化出多种反馈机制来减弱躲避阴影的信号。在资源严重受限的情况下,深层冠层遮荫中极低的R:FR和较低的光合有效辐射(PAR)水平共同触发光敏色素A (phyA)信号,抑制遮荫躲避,促进植物生存。这种反应的分子机制尚未完全阐明。本研究表明,在低R:FR和低PAR的光周期中,拟南芥提高了中心昼夜时钟成分TIMING of CAB expression 1 (TOC1)、PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 (PRR7)、EARLY花3 (ELF3)和ELF4的早晚上表达。这些成分共同抑制了茎的伸长,在深冠层遮荫中对抗遮荫躲避。
Shade-avoiding plants can detect the presence of neighboring vegetation and evoke escape responses before canopy cover limits photosynthesis. Rapid stem elongation facilitates light foraging and enables plants to overtop competitors. A major regulator of this response is the phytochrome B photoreceptor, which becomes inactivated in light environments with a low ratio of red to far-red light (low R:FR), characteristic of vegetational shade. Although shade avoidance can provide plants with a competitive advantage in fast-growing stands, excessive stem elongation can be detrimental to plant survival. As such, plants have evolved multiple feedback mechanisms to attenuate shade-avoidance signaling. The very low R:FR and reduced levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) present in deep canopy shade can, together, trigger phytochrome A (phyA) signaling, inhibiting shade avoidance and promoting plant survival when resources are severely limited. The molecular mechanisms underlying this response have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana phyA elevates early-evening expression of the central circadian-clock components TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1), PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 (PRR7), EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), and ELF4 in photocycles of low R:FR and low PAR. These collectively suppress stem elongation, antagonizing shade avoidance in deep canopy shade.
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/27/e2108176118
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