骨科英文书籍精读（347）｜胫腓骨骨折的临床特征
我们正在精读国外经典骨科书籍《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》，想要对于骨科英文形成系统认识，为以后无障碍阅读英文文献打下基础，请持续关注。
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Clinical features
The limb should be carefully examined for signs of soft-tissue damage: bruising, severe swelling, crushing or tenting of the skin, an open wound, circulatory changes, weak or absent pulses, diminution or loss of sensation and inability to move the toes. Any deformity should be noted before splinting the limb. Always be on the alert for signs of an impending compartment syndrome.
X-ray
The entire length of the tibia and fibula, as well as the knee and ankle joints, must be seen. The type of fracture, its level and the degree of angulation and displacement are recorded. Rotational deformity can be gauged by comparing the width of the tibio-fibular interspace above and below the fracture.
Spiral fractures without comminution are lowe-nergy injuries. Transverse, short oblique and comminuted fractures, especially if displaced or associated with a fibular fracture at a similar level, are high-energy injuries.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
tenting of the skin皮肤凹陷
tent /tent/n. 帐篷；住处；帷幕vt. 用帐篷遮盖；使在帐篷里住宿vi. 住帐蓬；暂时居住
diminution/ˌdɪmɪˈnuːʃn/n. 减少，降低；缩小
impending /ɪmˈpendɪŋ/adj. 即将发生的；迫切的；悬挂的v. 迫近；悬空（impend的现在分词）
impending compartment syndrome.
即将发生的筋膜室综合征。
gauge /ɡeɪdʒ/n. 计量器；标准尺寸；容量规格；针织物的细度vt. 测量；估计；给……定规格
有道翻译（仅供参考，建议自己翻译）：
临床特征
应仔细检查肢体是否有软组织损伤迹象：瘀伤、严重肿胀、皮肤压碎或凹陷、开放性伤口、循环系统改变、脉搏微弱或消失、感觉减退或丧失以及脚趾不能活动。在用夹板夹住肢体之前，应注意任何脱臼。时刻警惕即将发生的腔室综合征。
X射线
胫骨和腓骨的整个长度，以及膝关节和踝关节，必须被看到。记录骨折类型、骨折程度、角度和移位程度。旋转畸形可以通过比较骨折上下胫腓骨间隙的宽度来判断。
无粉碎性螺旋骨折是低能量损伤。横形、短斜形和复合型骨折，尤其是移位或伴有类似程度的腓骨骨折，是高能量损伤。