(今日推荐)赎罪 Atonement


《赎罪》发表于2001年,被认为是伊恩·麦克尤恩最具成就的小说之一,并获得布克奖等多项奖项的提名,并最终获得W·H·史密斯文学奖。该小说于2007年改编为电影并获奖。《时代周刊》将其列入有史以来最伟大的百部小说之一。

《赎罪》突破了作者过去短小、精巧、阴郁的写作风格,展现出壮美的全景画卷。

——美国小说家约翰·厄普代克

麦克尤恩通过宏观和微观两个层面的叙事,展现了布里奥妮错误的难以避免以及叙事的难以改写,引导了读者的叙事伦理判断。

——美国《叙事》杂志主编詹姆斯·费伦

Atonement

赎罪

伊恩·麦克尤恩 Ian McEwan

小说经典


01

13岁的布里奥妮·塔利斯拥有十分丰富的想象力,颇有作家天分。一天,来塔利斯家小住的布里奥妮的表姐遭人强暴,先前一直对管家的儿子罗比抱有误解的布里奥妮武断地认定罗比即是罪犯,并出庭指证他,罗比因此入狱。但坚信他无罪的布里奥妮的姐姐塞西莉娅不惜与家人断绝关系,执着地与他相爱。三年半后,罗比出狱,当时正值二战期间,他加入到保卫祖国的战斗中,塞西莉娅随后应征入伍,布里奥妮也成为红十字会医务人员。时间让一切事情的真相渐渐浮出水面。再次直面罗比和塞西莉娅,布里奥妮深深地忏悔,离开时,罗比和塞西莉娅手牵手走在她身后,只是,这一切都不是在现实中……


02

This haunting novel, which just failed to win the Booker this year, is at once McEwan at his most closely observed and psychologically penetrating, and his most sweeping and expansive. It is in effect two, or even three, books in one, all masterfully crafted. The first part ushers us into a domestic crisis that becomes a crime story centered around an event that changes the lives of half a dozen people in an upper-middle-class country home on a hot English summer's day in 1935. Young Briony Tallis, a hyperimaginative 13-year-old who sees her older sister, Cecilia, mysteriously involved with their neighbor Robbie Turner, a fellow Cambridge student subsidized by the Tallis family, points a finger at Robbie when her young cousin is assaulted in the grounds that night; on her testimony alone, Robbie is jailed. The second part of the book moves forward five years to focus on Robbie, now freed and part of the British Army that was cornered and eventually evacuated by a fleet of small boats at Dunkirk during the early days of WWII. This is an astonishingly imagined fresco that bares the full anguish of what Britain in later years came to see as a kind of victory. In the third part, Briony becomes a nurse amid wonderfully observed scenes of London as the nation mobilizes. No, she doesn't have Robbie as a patient, but she begins to come to terms with what she has done and offers to make amends to him and Cecilia, now together as lovers. In an ironic epilogue that is yet another coup de the tre, McEwan offers Briony as an elderly novelist today, revisiting her past in fact and fancy and contributing a moving windup to the sustained flight of a deeply novelistic imagination. With each book McEwan ranges wider, and his powers have never been more fully in evidence than here. Author tour. (Mar. 19)Forecast: McEwan's work has been building a strong literary readership, and the brilliantly evoked prewar and wartime scenes here should extend that; expect strong results from handselling to the faithful. The cover photo of a stately English home nicely establishes the novel's atmosphere

03

《赎罪》是一篇典型的成长小说。

小说的背景是十九世纪三十年代英国南部的带有阴郁色彩的古老庄园里,13岁的主人公布里奥妮深受当时森严的等级观念的影响,在她的世界里,一切都必须有秩序。不同阶层的人去不同的学校,接受不同的教育,从事不同的行业,界限分明绝对不可以逾越。在这样的成长环境下,当她撞见罗比与自己的表姐有暖昧之举时,脑中既定的等级观念就已经让她认定罗比不是好人。当警察询问唯一的目击者布里奥妮是否看见谁是凶手时,其实并没有看见的她却十分肯定地说:“我看见,我亲眼看见是他。”在那漆黑的夜空下看到的污秽的场景,已经在她的潜意识中将犯罪者与被自己认定为“色情狂”的罗比联系在一起,就这么一句话把罗比与表姐一生的幸福彻底断送,而她也因此开始了漫长而又阴冷的赎罪之旅。

由于布里奥妮的等级观念,她想当然地认定罗比就是可怕的犯人。罗比被关进监狱,随后又充军作战,至此,罗比与表姐塞西莉亚的爱情掉入了苦难的深渊。随着岁月的流逝,她意识到自己的错误,日夜受到良心的谴责。她追随表姐也投身到艰苦的护士工作中,开始了她的赎罪之旅。每当她近距离地照顾伤员,内心就多了一份对在战火中生死未卜的罗比的牵挂与内疚。战争让布里奥妮在精神上自我反省,让她更深切地清楚自己赎罪的必要性和重要性。战地生活让布里奥妮迅速成长起来,她带着内疚和自责完成了自己的忏悔录——《赎罪》。布里奥妮通过小说来表达自己的幻想——罗比与表姐、自已与他们重逢的场景,幻想他们原本该有的幸福生活。虽然这只是她美丽的幻想,但这是她赎罪的唯一方式,也是她的美好向往。此时,年迈的布里奥妮已经抛弃她陈旧的等级观念在精神境界升华了自己,她的赎罪已经完成。

布里奥妮的《赎罪》是一部关于爱情、亲情、战争、隐秘、悔恨、宽恕的小说。在书里,布里奥妮为自己设计了独特的赎罪方式,既然自己可以制造痛苦,也就可以创造幸福,布里奥妮在书中让已经身亡的表姐塞西莉亚和罗比重生,让他们的爱情开花结果。在小说中,让有情人终成眷属,绝不是怯弱或逃避,而是最后的一大善行,是对遗忘和绝望的抗衡。布里奥妮最后是以谎言弥补了谎言。在书里,虚构的故事是她真实的想法,是她无法实现的愿望,也取代了永恒的遗憾和无止尽的赎罪,使得读者得到了更多的情感冲击和更丰富的情感体验。女主人公用了被改写的结局来实现她的赎罪,这既真实又虚构的故事结尾,把作品推向一个前所未有的高度。她改写了这个悲剧、补偿了现实的遗憾、提升了文学的价值。对《赎罪》结局的改写,并非是对现实的逃避,而是歌颂了人文主义关怀。总之,这部结合了作家美好愿望和主角自我追寻的结尾,使得整部小说精彩、细腻又强而有力,充满了令人惊艳的自信和说服力。从一个13岁的无知少女到一名77岁高龄的女作家,布里奥妮进行了华丽的转身,更完成了自己的赎罪。


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