新发现：鲨鱼超能力
When we look at the seafloor, we might not see the bottom-dwelling sharks that blend in with the rocks and the sand.
当我们观察海底时，我们可能看不到生活在海底的鲨鱼，它们与岩石和沙子混在了一起。
But to other sharks of the same species, they stand out like green glow sticks.
但对其他同类鲨鱼来说，它们就像绿色荧光棒一样引人注目。
Now scientists know how.
如今科学家们终于知道是怎么回事了。
In 2014, David Gruber, a marine biologist from the City University of New York, and his team discovered that two species of bottom-dwelling sharks are biofluorescent.
2014年，纽约城市大学的海洋生物学家戴维·格鲁伯和他的团队发现，海底生活的两种鲨鱼具有生物荧光。
The swell shark is native to the Pacific Ocean, and the chain catshark is from the Atlantic Ocean, but both species live in similar habitats and both glow neon green.
膨胀鲨原产于太平洋，链猫鲨原产于大西洋，但两种鲨鱼生活在相似的栖息地，都发出霓虹灯般的绿色。
Under blue light, the lighter, gray-colored areas in the skin of both sharks give out a neon green fluorescent hue, visible to other animals -- and with the help of a filter, to humans too.
在蓝光照射下，这两种鲨鱼皮肤上较浅的灰色区域发出一种霓虹绿色荧光，其他动物也能看到这种荧光，在滤光器的帮助下，人类也能看到。
Gruber had previously discovered that swell sharks and chain catsharks have special vision that allows them to see other glowing sharks.
格鲁伯此前发现，膨胀鲨和链猫鲨有特殊的视力，可以看到其他发光的鲨鱼。
For the new study, published today in the journal iScience, he teamed up with Jason Crawford, a chemical biologist at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, to understand the chemistry behind these creatures’ amazing ability to transform the blue light that reaches the seafloor.
今天发表在《科学》(iScience)杂志上的这项新研究，是他与耶鲁大学化学生物学家贾森·克劳福德合作完成的，克劳福德在康涅狄格州纽黑文市工作，目的是为了了解这些生物转换海底蓝光的惊人能力背后的化学成分。
They took samples from dark and light skin of both sharks and separated them into their molecular components.
他们从两种鲨鱼的深色和浅色皮肤中提取了样本，并将它们分离成各自的分子成分。
They found five small, biofluorescent molecules that are only present in the light skin.
他们发现了五个小的生物荧光分子，它们只存在于浅色皮肤中。
"We didn't really know what to expect going into it," Crawford said.
克劳福德说:“我们之前真的不知道会在里面发现什么。”
"We were delighted to find small molecules as being responsible."
“我们很高兴发现原来这些小分子就是发光的原因。”
These new molecules could add to the natural and synthetic biofluorescent molecules already used in research, and perhaps find a use in biomedical imaging.
这些新分子可以添加到已经在研究中使用的天然和合成的生物荧光分子中，并可能在生物医学成像中找到用途。
In the light skin, a molecule called bromo-tryptophan breaks down into the five newly identified green-glowing molecules.
在浅色皮肤中，一种叫做溴色氨酸的分子分解成五个新发现的绿色发光分子。
However, in the dark skin, two bromo-tryptophan molecules come together to form a new molecule that has antimicrobial properties, the team showed.
然而，研究小组发现，在深色皮肤中，两个溴色氨酸分子结合在一起形成了一种具有抗菌特性的新分子。
Although they only tested the antimicrobial features in disease-causing bacteria in the lab, the researchers think that these molecules could have an important role in protecting the sharks against pathogens on the seafloor.
虽然他们只是在实验室中测试了致病细菌的抗菌特性，但研究人员认为，这些分子可能在保护鲨鱼免受海底病原体侵害方面发挥着重要作用。
"This calls attention to some of the lesser-known, underdog sharks that have hidden superpowers," said Gruber.
格鲁伯说:“这提醒了人们应该注意到一些不太为人所知、处于劣势的鲨鱼，它们隐藏着超能力。”
"It just shows how much more there is to learn about these wondrous creatures."
“这也表明，对于这些神奇的生物，我们还有很多需要了解。”
问题
文中提到了哪两种鲨鱼？
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