先考古，再兴建：京都奥运会准备中
Deep in the urban center of Kyoto, Japan, behind a department store, archaeologist Koji Iesaki digs down through successive layers of earth, each about 8 inches thick, taking him back in time to the Heian period, which began over 1,000 years ago.
在日本京都市中心的一个百货商店后面，考古学家江崎浩二.挖掘到了一系列的土层，每一层都有8英寸厚，将他带回了一千年前的日本平安时代。
He has found images of mythical beasts carved on roof tiles, remains of a moat that surrounded the temple during the Warring States period some 500 years ago and ritual vessels that held placentas, which were buried after childbirth in the belief that they would ensure a child's good health and fortune.
他发现了雕刻在屋瓦上的神兽图案，五百年前战国时期一条围绕寺庙的壕沟以及盛有胚胎的礼器，是在小孩出生后埋下的据说可以保佑小孩健康有福气。
"Anywhere you dig in Kyoto, you find a lot of stuff," Iesaki says in a prefab hut on the excavation site.
“随便在京都哪里挖一挖，你都会找到很多文物，”江崎在发觉地点的临时棚屋里说道。
"The city has been continuously inhabited for 1,000 or 1,200 years. So it's like a treasure mountain. There are a lot of things used in people's daily lives."
“这座城市1000到1200年来都不断有人居住。所以它就像一座宝山。有很多以前人们的生活用品。”
Iesaki is digging on the site of the Jyokyo-ji temple, which belongs to the Pure Land sect of Buddhism.
江崎目前正在上京寺进行挖掘，这是属于佛家的一片净土。
It was first built in 1449 and moved in 1591.
修建于1449年，曾于1591年进行搬迁。
The temple was demolished last summer to make room for a hotel that's due to open next June, just in time for the Olympics.
该寺庙去年夏天被拆除以便给一个酒店腾出地方，这个酒店会在明年6月开张，刚好赶上奥运会。
Before the hotel developers, part of the Mitsui Group conglomerate, began construction, they gave Iesaki about four months to excavate and salvage anything he found of historical value.
在酒店的规划师开始修建之前，他们属于三井企业集团，他们给了江崎大概四个月的时间用于挖掘和保护那些他找到的有历史价值的东西。
Japanese law doesn't require developers to permit archaeological excavations before construction, but many do.
日本的法律并未要求规划师们在建造之前允许考古学家发掘，但很多规划师都会这样做。
Iesaki says if the Jyokyo-ji temple hadn't been torn down, he wouldn't have had the chance to dig there.
江崎说道假如上京寺不被拆除的话，他也不会有机会来进行挖掘。
He and his team of a dozen people had to work fast, from September to January.
他和他的十几人的团队必需加紧工作，从九月一直到一月。
"If I find something of value and more digging is needed, I might have to wait another 30 or 40 years, until there's a new construction project," he says.
“假如我找到了有价值的东西，而需要更多的挖掘的话，我恐怕还得等30到40年，等有新的建筑项目才行，”他说道。
Across Kyoto, archaeologists are rushing to uncover, document and preserve relics of the city's heritage as a pre-Olympic building boom sweeps the ancient former capital of Japan, changing its distinctive appearance and feel.
在整个京都，考古学家们都在加紧发掘，记录和保存这座城市的历史遗迹，因为奥林匹克建筑风潮席卷了这座日本曾经的首都，改变了其独特的外观和氛围。
The number of visitors to Japan has nearly tripled in the past five years, to about 30 million last year.
在过去的五年中，到日本旅游的人数变成了以前的三倍，去年达到了三千万人次。
The largest contingent comes from mainland China.
其中最多的部分是来自中国大陆的游客。
The city's infrastructure groans under the influx of tourists, and some residents chafe at the crowds.
在汹涌的游客群中这座城市的基础设施不堪重负，有些居民也对游客感到很恼火。
But with Japan rapidly aging and depopulating, it needs the tourists' money.
但随着日本社会快速的老龄化和人口负增长，他们又非常需要赚游客的钱。
To accommodate tourism and business demands, some of the city's majestic temples and traditional wooden machiya town houses are coming down, and hotels and office buildings are springing up.
为了满足游客和商业的需要，这座城市有些宏伟的寺庙和木制町屋住宅被拆掉，而心的酒店和办公楼则拔地而起。
"Postwar Japan has made great advances in finding written historical records, as well as digging up ancient remains," he says.
“战后的日本在找到历史记载方面取得了很大的进步，也发掘出了很多古代遗址，"他说道。
"Development has allowed the excavation of relics. Then again, 99 percent of the artifacts have been destroyed because of development."
”发展使得遗迹的发掘成为了可能。不过反过来，有99%的工艺品也因为发展而被毁掉。“
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