192.Bronchial Carcinoid（肺支气管类癌）

每天朗读一段医学影像学英语文章

Bronchial carcinoid is a neuroendocrine neoplasm originating from Kulchitzky cells in bronchial and bronchiolar wall. Carcinoids can arise at different sites through the body including thymus, lung, gastrointestinal tract and ovaries, with the lung representing the second most common location after gastrointestinal tract, accounting for up to 2% of all pulmonary neoplasms; 75% arise in a lobar bronchus, 10% in the main stem bronchi and 15% originate in the periphery of the lung.

支气管类癌是一种神经内分泌肿瘤，来源于支气管和细支气管壁的嗜银细胞。类癌可起源于人体的不同部位，包括胸腺、肺部、消化系统和卵巢，肺部是第二常见的好发部位，仅次于胃肠道，约占所有肺部肿瘤的2%。其中75%发生于小叶支气管，10%于主支气管，15%于肺部外周。

Histologically there are two different types: The first and most common is referred to as typical carcinoid, it is a low-grade tumour with 10-year survival rates approaching 90%, it is capable of local invasion but rarely develops metastases. The second type or atypical carcinoid is much more aggressive with 5-year survival rates from 25-70%. Typical carcinoids are found more commonly centrally within the major bronchi whereas atypical carcinoids arise in peripheral and central locations with equal frequency.

组织学上分为两种亚型：第一种亚型也是最常说的典型的类癌，是一种低级别肿瘤，10年生存率约高达90%，可以有浸润行为，但转移罕见。第二种亚型即非典型类癌，其侵袭性更高，5年生存率约为25-70%。典型类癌通常见于主支气管中央，而非典型类癌发生于外周和中央的几率相等。

Radiological findings include hilar and perihilar masses, endobronchial nodules, mediastinal nodes and findings related to bronchial obstruction. Both typical and atypical carcinoid have the same radiological features, although atypical carcinoids are more likely to occur in the lung periphery. On CT central carcinoids appear as well-defined round nodules frequently lobulated within the lumen of a bronchus. Carcinoids tend to be vascular and may enhance intensely after iv contrast. Calcification occurs in up to 30% of cases .

影像表现包括：肺门和肺门周围肿块、支气管内结节、纵隔淋巴结和支气管阻塞的征象。虽然非典型类癌更好发于肺外周，但典型和非典型类癌都具有相同的影像特点。CT上，中央型类癌表现为边界清晰的圆形结节，位于支气管腔内，呈分叶状。类癌常为富血供，因此静注对比剂后可能有明显强化。钙化见于30%的病例。

Notes：

1. Bronchial ［ˈbrɑ:ŋkiəl] adj. 支气管的

2. carcinoid ['kɑ:səˌnɔɪd] 神经内分泌肿瘤

3. neuroendocrine [nju:rə'endəˌkraɪn] adj. 神经内分泌的

4. thymus ['θaɪməs] n.& adj. 胸腺（的）

5. gastrointestinal [ˌgæstroʊɪnˈtestɪnl] adj. 胃与肠的

6. periphery [pəˈrɪfəri] n. 外围

7. metastases [mə'tæstəsi:z] n. 转移(metastasis的复数)

8. hilar ['haɪlə] adj. 肺门的

9. mediastinal [ˌmi:dɪæs'taɪnəl] 纵隔的

以上主题选自：心胸影像病例汇

来源：每天朗读一段医学影像学英语文章

圈主

深圳市人民医院放射科副主任医师杨敏洁

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