1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. amount, numberamount后接不可数名词， number后接可数名词eg:a number of students3. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音eg:I hate the loud noise outside.4. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth.eg:the reason for being late5. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习eg:Practice makes perfect.6. officer, officialofficer部队的军官，official政府官员eg:an army officer7. work, job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数eg:a good job8. cook, cookercook厨师，cooker厨具eg:He is a good cook.9. problem, questionproblem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用10. a number of, the number ofa number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。eg:The number of students is increasing.
11. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉eg:The chicken is delicious.12. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行eg:a three-day trip13. in front of, in the front ofin front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面eg:In the front of the room sits a boy.14. three of us, the three of usthree of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us我们三个（就三个人）eg:The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.15. by bus, on the busby bus表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus表范围eg:They went there by bus.16. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment暂时，一时eg:Thinking for a moment, he agreed.
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17. in a word, in wordsin a word总之，一句话， in words口头上eg:In a word, you are right.18. in place of, in the place ofin place of代替，in the place of在…地方eg:A new building is built in the place of the old one.19. go to sea, by sea, by the seago to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海边eg:go by sea20. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师
21. in office, in the officein office在职的，in the office在办公室里eg:He is in office, not out of office.22. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of管理，负责照料， in the charge of由……照料eg:He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.23. out of question, out of the questionout of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的24. a second, the seconda second又一，再一，the second第……eg:He won the second prize.25. by day, by the dayby day白天，by the day按天计算eg:The workers are paid by the day.26. it, oneit同一物体，one同类不同一eg:I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.27. none, nothing, no onenone强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人 eg:--- How many…/How much…?--- None.28. other, anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数eg:other students, another student29. not a little, not a bitnot a little非常，not a bit一点也不eg:I'm not a bit tired.30. many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句eg:I haven’t many books.
31. no, notno=not a/anyno friend=not a/any friendno water=not any water32. no more than, not more thanno more than相当于only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过33. tall, hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体eg:He is tall.34. fast, quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快eg:run fast, answer the question quickly35. high, highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的eg:think highly of
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36. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的eg:a sleeping babyThe baby is asleep.I'm sleepy.37. respectful, respectablerespectful尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的eg:be respectful to the aged38. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased, pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物eg:a pleasant tripThe trip is pleasing.39. close, closelyclose接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地eg:closely connected, stand close40. ill, sickill做表语，sick定语，表语均可eg:a sick boy
41. good, wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词eg:He is well again.42. hard, hardlyhard努力，hardly几乎不eg:work hardI can hardly believe it.43. late, latelylate迟，晚，lately最近，近来eg:I haven’t seen him lately.44. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活泼的eg:all the living people=all the people alive45. excited, excitingexcited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的eg:I'm excited.The news is exciting.46. deep, deeplydeep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地eg:deeply moved, dig deep47. before long, long beforebefore long不久以后，long before很久以前not long before = before long
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48. instead, instead ofinstead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，放在句中eg:He didn't see a film.Instead he watched TV.He watched TV instead of seeing a film.49. too much, much tootoo much 后接不可数名词，much too后接形容词eg:much too heavy50. raise, riseraise及物动词，rise不及物动词eg:The sun rises in the east.
