消防英文：5E预防-新方法
The Five E’s of Prevention -- A NewApproach
5E预防--新方法
The most effective risk-reductionstrategies are those that employ a broad-based integrated approach utilizing acombination of prevention interventions. President Harry S. Truman’s 1947 conference on fire prevention coined the original Three E’s — education,enforcement and engineering.
（降低风险最有效策略是采取运用结合预防介入方式之广泛整合措施。美国杜鲁门总统1947年火灾预防研讨会中创造了3个「E」--教育、执行与工程。）
In 2000, the National Fire Academy added economic incentive and emergency
response because of their importance to community risk reduction. The goal of using
multiple interventions in parallel is twofold: Prevent incidents from occurring, and when prevention fails, reduce or mitigate the impact of the incident. Each of the E’s can
contribute to the development of realistic, comprehensive and effective solutions. To
gether the E’s produce a synergistic effect and are more effective than when used
individually.
（在2000年，国家消防学院因为其对小区降低风险重要性，增加经济诱因及紧急应变等两个「E」。同时使用多重介入措施之目标是双重的：预防事故发生，并于预防措施失败时，减少事故之影响。每个「E」可以对发展真实、全面及有效解决方案有所贡献。结合所有的「E」可以比单独运用更产生相乘效果。）
● Education:Education intervention influences behavior by raising awareness, providinginformation and knowledge to produce the desired behavior. Education is onlyeffective if people do what they are supposed to do, i.e., firefighters wearingseatbelts.
（教育：教育介入措施透过倡导、提供信息及知识影响行为，以达到所要需要之行为。假如人们会做他们应该要做的事，如消防人员系安全带，教育才能产生效果。）
● Enforcement:Enforcement interventions include passing, strengthening and enforcing laws aswell as issuing and enforcing regulations.
（执行：执行介入措施包括通过、强化及执行法律及发布与执行规定。）
● Engineering:Engineering involves changes in the physical environment: the design,development and manufacture of safety products. Changes are the result ofadvances in technology; some examples are fire sprinklers, smoke alarms,helmets and airbags.
（工程：工程包括实体环境改变：安全产品设计、发展及制造。改变是科技进步之结果；这些例子像是消防撒水器、烟雾警报器、安全帽及气囊。）
● Economicincentive: These incentives are measures used to influence behavior eitherpositively or negatively. Positive economic incentives reward people monetarilyfor behaving in a certain manner or making certain choices. Negative economicincentives punish people monetarily for behaving in a certain manner or makingcertain choices. Tickets, fines and citations are used to discourage peoplefrom choosing unsafe behaviors. Economic incentives can be used to persuadepeople to do business (sales, coupons, discounts, etc.). Government also useseconomic incentives. Montgomery County, Maryland, offers a onetime 50percent reduction in property taxes for retrofitting a home with a firesprinkler system.
【经济诱因：这些诱因是用来影响正面或负面影响行为之措施。正面经济诱因在金钱上奖励人们之特定行为举止或下特定决定者。负面经济诱因在金钱上惩罚人们之特定行为举止或下特定决定者。罚单、罚款及传票用来打消人们选择不安全行为之念头。经济诱因可以用来说服人们做生意（销售、折价券、折扣等）。政府也使用经济诱因。美国马里兰州蒙哥马利郡提供一次50%财产税折扣给这些住家翻修时装设消防撒水系统者。】
● Emergency response: Emergency response interventions are used by emergency responders(fire/ Emergency Medical Services/law) to mitigate risk. The emergency responsecapability of the community must be considered during the risk-assessmentprocess. Some risks can only be mitigated by adding new emergency responsecapability or enhancing current emergency response capability. Emergencyservice personnel are trained and equipped to handle many emergencies; however,there are occasions when emergency services can be overwhelmed by demands. Thisis when a well-organized, well-managed Community Emergency Response Team canmake a world of difference.
【紧急应变：紧急应变介入措施是由紧急应变人员（消防、紧急救护、执行）来运用以减低风险。小区之紧急应变能力在风险评估过程中必须纳入考虑。有些风险只能透过增加新的紧急应变能力或强化现有紧急应变能力才能减少。紧急服务人员受过训练也有装备可以处理许多紧急事件。然而，有些情况需求还是会超过紧急服务的能量。这就是一个有完善组织、良好管理之小区紧急应变队所能改变之差异。】
您需要了解的消防英文：
消防英文：介绍、交往、开场白、叙事、询问及结论--青少年纵火之审查方法
消防英文：预防的等级（Levels of Prevention）
德国保险商实验室(VDS)