英语词汇的奥秘蒋真
1.ag- = do,act 做,动
agent,agential,subagent,coagent,agency,coagency,agenda,agile,agility,agitate,agitator,agitatress,agitated,agitating,counteragent
2、agri- = field 田地,农田 agri 也作 agro/agr
agriculture,agricultural,agriculturist,agricorporation,agrimotor,agronomy,agronomic,agronomist,agrology,agrobiology,agrotechnique,agro-town,agrochemicals,agro-industry,agrarian,-arian 形容词后缀
3、ann- = year (ann也作enn)
anniversary,-i-音位中缀,vers转,–ary名词后缀,annual,annals,-al名词后缀,annalist,annuity,-u音位中缀,annuitant,superannuate,-u- ,-ate 动词兼形容词后缀,superannuation,-u-,-a-,tion名词后缀,perennial,per-通,全,enn年,-i-,al形容词后缀,perenniality,semiannual,semi半,ann年,-u-,-al
4.audi=hear 听 (audi也作audit)
audience,-ence名词后缀,听众,倾听,auditorium,-orium名词后缀,场所,地点,礼堂,讲堂,听众席,audible,aud-,-ible,可听得见的,audibility可听度,inaudible,不能听到的,audit,旁听,审计,auditor,旁听生,旁听者,审计员,auditory,-ory形容词后缀,听觉的,audiphone,phone声音,助听器,audition,听觉,听,audiometer,-o-,meter测量计,听力计,audiology,-o-,logy …学,听觉学,audio,听学的,声音的,audio-visual,视觉听觉的,audiovisuals视听教材,视听教具,
5.bell = war 战争
rebel,反戈,反战,反叛,反抗,rebellion,-ion名词后缀,反叛,反抗,叛乱,rebellious,-i-,ous形容词后缀,反叛的,反抗的,叛乱的,bellicose,-icose复合后缀,有…性的,好战的,好斗的,bellicosity,好战性,bellicism,-ism名词后缀,表性质,好战性,好战倾向,belligerent,-i-,ger=to wage,-ent形容词后缀,好战的,挑起战争的,belligerent nations 交战国,belligerency,-ency名词后缀,表性质,好战性,
6、brev=short短
abbreviate,ab-加强意义,brev短,-i-,-ate动词后缀使…,缩短,缩写,节略(读物等),abbreviation,-ation名词后缀,缩写,缩短,节略,缩写式,缩写词,abbreviator,-or表示人,缩写者,节略者,brevity,(陈述等的)简短,简洁;(生命等的)短暂,短促,breviary,-i-,-ary名词后缀,缩略,摘要,brief,brief→brev,短暂的,简短的,简洁的,摘要,短文,概要,briefness,-ness名词后缀,短暂,简短,简洁。breve,短音符号
7、ced
ced=go行走(ced也作ceed,cess)
precedent [pre-先,前,ced行,-ent名词后缀,表示物,先行的事物,前例,先例;(-ent形容词后缀,…的)]先行的,在前的
He copied after bad precedents. 他仿效恶例。
precedented [见上,-ed形容词后缀,…的]有先例的,有前例的
unprecedented [un-无,见上]无先例的,空前的
The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths. 这次空难的死亡人数是空前的
precede [pre-先,前,ced行]先行,领先,居先,优先
The days that preceded were filled with activity. 前几天排满了活动。
preceding [见上,-ing形容词后缀,…的]在前的,在先的
exceed [ex-以外,超出,ceed行,超越而行]超过,越过,胜过
Their total grain output still exceeded that of the previous year.
他们的粮食总产量仍超过头一年
excess [ex-以外,超出,cess行,超出限度以外]超过,越过,过分,过度
You'll have to pay excess postal charges on this letter.
这封信你必须付超重邮资。
excessive [见上,ive形容词后缀,…的]过分的,过度的,过多的
She takes an excessive interest in clothes. 她过分注重衣着。
proceed [pro-向前,ceed行]前进,进行
I was proceeding along the High Street in a northerly direction.我正在沿着大街向北走去。
procedure [pro-向前,ced行,-ure名词后缀;进行的过程]过程,步骤,手续
There is a set procedure for making formal complaints. 要正式提出投诉是有固定程序的
process [pro-向前,cess行]过程,进程,程序
The bridge is in the process of being built. 大桥正在建设中。
procession [见上,-ion名词后缀]进行,行进的行列,队伍
A funeral procession filled the street. 送葬队伍挤满了街道
antecedent [ante-先,前,ced行,-ent形容词及名词后缀]先行的,居先的;先例,前例,先行词
His mechanical calculating engines were the antecedents of the modern computer.
他的机械计算机是现代电子计算机的雏形。
antecessor [ante-先,cess行,-or者]先行者,先驱者
antecede [ante-先,ced行]居中…之先
successor [suc-后面,cess行,-or者]后行者,继任者,接班人,继承人
When will they name a successor? 他们什么时候会任命继承人?
succession [suc-后面,cess行,-ion名词后缀]相继,接续,继承,继任
His words came out in quick succession. 他的话连珠炮似地说了出来。
successive [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的]相继的,连续的,连接的
He won three successive matches. 他连胜三场比赛。
recession [re-反,回,cess行,-ion名词后缀;回行]后退,退回,(经济)衰退
The recession devitalized the economy. 工业的不景气使经济衰弱了。
recede [re-反,回,ced行;往回走]后退,退却,引退,退缩
The high water receded.
高水位退去了。
retrocede [retro-向后,ced行]后退,退却
retrocession [retro-向后,cess行,-ion名词后缀]后退,退却,引退
intercede [inter-中间,…之中,ced行;介入其中]居间调停,调解,代为说情、请求
intercession [inter-中间…之中,cess行,-ion名词后缀,介入其中]居间调停、调解、说情
Through the intercession of him, my request was granted.通过他的求情, 我的要求如愿以偿。
intercessor [见上,-or者]居间调停者,调解者,说情者
8、cept
cept=take 拿,取
except [ex-外,出,cept拿;拿出去→排除,除外]除…之外,把…除外
exception [见上,-ion名词后缀]例外,除外
This is considered an exception to the rule. 我们把这看作是该规则的例外。
exceptional [见上,-al 形容词后缀,…的]例外的,异常的,特殊的
He is a man of exceptional talent.他是位具有非凡才能的人。
exceptive [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的]作为例外的,特殊的
accept [ac-加强意义,cept拿→接]接受,领受,承认
acceptance [见上,-ance名词后缀]接受,领受,承认
We have the pleasure to ask your acceptance of our presents. 恭请接受我们的礼物。
acceptable [见上,able形容词后缀,可…的]可接受的
intercept [inter-中间→从中,cept拿,取;从中截取]截取,截击,拦截,截断
Reporters intercepted him as he tried to leave by the rear entrance.
他想从后门溜走, 记者把他截住了
interception [见上, -ion名词后缀]截取,截住,拦截,截击
intercepter [见上,-er表示物]截击机
incept [in-入,cept拿,取;拿入→收进]接收(入会)摄入,摄取
9、cid,cis
cid,cis=cut,kill 切,杀
decide [de-表示加强意义,cid切,切断→裁断→裁决]决定,裁决,判决,下决心
decidable [见上,-able形容词后缀,可…的]可以决定的
undecided [见上,un-不,未,decide决定,-ed形容词后缀,…的]未定的,未决的
He is still undecided about what to do.他仍然未决定要做什么。
decision [见decide,字母转换;d→s,因此,cid→cis,-ion名词后缀]决定,决心
indecision [in-无,不,decision决定]无决断力,犹豫不决
He halted before the door in indecision.他在门前犹豫不决地停了下来。
decisive [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的]决定性的
Man is a decisive factor in doing everything. 人是做每件事情的决定性因素。
indecisive [in-非,不,见上]非决定性的,不决断的
An indecisive man could never run the country.
一个优柔寡断的人不能治理国家。
concise [con-表示加强意义,cis切;“切短”,“切除”不必要的部分,删除除冗言赘语,留下精简扼要的部分]简明的,简洁的,简要的
I gave a concise answer about this.
我对于此事给了一个简要的答复。
precise [pre-先,前,cis切;预先切除不清楚的部分]明确的,准确的,精确的
A scientist must be precise in making tests.
科学家做试验必须精确。
precision [见上,-ion名词后缀]精确性,精密度
Precision instruments are used to help pilots in guiding their aircraft.
精密仪器用来帮助飞行员操作飞机。
incise [in-入,cis切,切入]切开,雕刻
His name was incised on the stone.他的名字刻在了石头上。
incision [见上,-ion名词后缀]切开,切口,雕刻
incisive [见incise,-ive形容词后缀,…的]能切入的,锋利的,尖锐的
His presentation was clear and incisive. 他的讲述清晰而深刻。
incisor [见incise,-or表示物;能切断东西者]门牙,切牙
excide [ex-出,去,cid切]切除,切去,切开,删去
excision [见上,-ion名词后缀]切除,切去,删除
circumcise [circum-周围,环绕,cis切;周围切割,环状切割]割去包皮,进行环切
suicide [sui自己,cid杀]自杀,自杀者
The number of suicide has increased.
自杀案件的数量增加了。
homicide [homi人,cid杀]杀人,杀人者
patricide [patri父,cid杀]杀父,杀父者
insecticide [insect虫,-i-连接字母,cid杀]杀虫剂
parasiticide [parasit(e)寄生虫,-i-连接字母,cid杀]杀寄生虫药
bactericide [bacteri细菌,cid杀]杀菌剂
10、circ
circ=ring环,圆
circus [circ圆,-us名词后缀;圆形的表演场地]马戏场;[转为]马戏团
The hall was like a three-ring circus. 大厅内一片喧闹和混乱。
circle [circ圆,-le名词后缀]圆,圈,环状物
The plane circled the airport before landing. 飞机着陆以前在机场上空盘旋。
encircle [en作成…,circle圈;作成一圈]包围,绕…行一周
The army encircled the airport.军队包围了机场。
semicircle [semi-半,circle圆]半圆
The village was formed of semicircle huts. 这个村庄是由半圆形的茅舍组成的。
circular [circul=circle圆,-ar形容词后缀,…的]圆形的,环形的
She paid a circular visit among her relations.她逐一拜访她的亲友。
circularity [见上,-ity名词后缀]圆形性,环行性,圆,迂回
circulate [circul=circle环,-ate动词后缀,使…]循环,环流,通行,流通,流传
Rumour circulates rapidly.谣言传得快。
circulation [见上,-ion名词后缀]循环,环流,流通,流传
The ideas have been in circulation for some time. 这些想法已经流行了一段时间。
circulatory [见上,-ory形容词后缀,…的]循环的(指血液),循环上的
He died of circulatory failure. 他死于血液循环衰竭。
circlet [circle圆,-et表示小]小圈,小环
circuit [circ圆,环,-u,it行]环行,周线,电路,回路
circuitous [见上,-ous形容词后缀,…的]迂回的,绕行的
They took a circuitous route to avoid reporters. 他们绕道避开了记者。
circuity [见上,-y名词后缀](说话等的)转弯抹角,绕圈子
11、claim,clam
claim,clam=cry,shout 喊叫
exclaim [ex-外,出,claim叫,大声叫出]呼喊,惊叫
She exclaims in astonishment at the size of the bill. 她看到帐单上的数目吓得叫起来。
exclamation [见上,exclam=exclaim,-ation名词后缀]呼喊,惊叫,感叹词,惊叹词
The visitors broke into exclamations of wonder when they saw the magnificent Great Wall. 看到雄伟的长城, 游客们惊叹不已。
exclamatory [见上,-atory形容词后缀,…的]叫喊的,惊叹的
proclaim [pro-向前,claim叫喊→声言]宣布,宣告,声明
The government has proclaimed a new law. 政府已公布了一项新法令。
proclamation [见上,-ation名词后缀]宣布,公布,宣告,声明
The government restricted the use of water by proclamation.政府公布限制用水。
proclamatory [见上,-atory形容词后缀,…的]公告的,布告的,宣言的
acclaim [ac-表示加强意义,claim叫→呼喊]欢呼,喝彩
They acclaimed the astronauts.他们以欢呼迎接宇航员。
acclamation [见上,-ation名词后缀]欢呼,喝彩
All her remarks were greeted with acclamation.她所有的话都得到喝彩。
acclamatory [见上,-atory形容词后缀,…的]欢呼的,喝彩的
clamour [clam叫喊→吵,-our名词后缀]喧嚷,吵闹
There was a clamour of voices outside the office.办公室外有人吵吵嚷嚷。
clamorous [见上,-ous形容词后缀,…的]喧嚷的,吵吵嚷嚷的
the busy clamorous market繁忙喧闹的市场
clamant [clam叫喊,-ant形容词后缀,…的]喧嚷的,吵闹的
declaim [de-表示加强意义,claim叫→大声说]作慷慨激昂的演说,朗诵
These lines make far more sense when declaimed than when simply read out.
这些台词用朗诵比起单纯的读效果要好得多。
declamation [见上,-ation名词后缀]作慷慨激昂的演说,雄辩,朗诵
declamatory [见上,-atory形容词后缀,…的]演说的,雄辩的,适宜于朗诵的
12、clar
clar=clear 清楚,明白
declare [de-表示加强意义,clar=clear清楚,明白;to make clear,使明白]表明,声明,宣告,宣布
He declared that the meeting has been postponed.他宣布会议已延期了。
declarer [见上,-er者]宣告者,声明者
declaration [见上,-ation名词后缀]声明,宣言,宣布
We read the declaration posted on the bulletin board.我们读了贴在布告板上的声明。
declarative [见上,-ative形容词后缀,…的]宣言的,公告的,说明的
clarify [clar=clear清楚,明白,-i-,-fy动词后缀,使…]讲清楚,阐明,澄清
His mind suddenly clarified.他的头脑突然清醒起来。
clarification [-fication名词后缀]阐明,澄清
Employers are seeking further clarification of the proposals.
雇主们正在寻求进一步澄清这些提案。
clarity [clar=clear清澈,明白,-ity名词后缀]清澈,透明
His writing has great clarity of style. 他的写作风格清晰易懂。
13、clud
clud=close,shut关闭(clud也作clus)
exclude [ex-外,clud关;关在外面→不许入内]排斥,拒绝接纳,把…排除在外
Closing the windows excludes street noises.关窗使街上吵闹的声音不能进来。
exclusive [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的]排外的,排他的,除外的
He often goes to the exclusive restaurants.他经常去高级饭馆。
exclusion [见上,-ion名词后缀]排斥,拒绝,排除,排外
He plays golf to the exclusion of all other sports.他专打高尔夫球,其他运动一概不参加。
exclusionism [见上,-ism主义]排外主义
include [in-入,内,clud关闭;关在里面,包入]包含,包括,包住,关住
inclusion [见上,-ion名词后缀]包含,包括,内含物
There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。
inclusive [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的]包括在内的,包括的,包含的
It's an all inclusive price; there is nothing extra to pay. 这是一个包罗一切的价格, 不需再额外付款了。
conclude [con-表示加强意义,clud关闭→结束,完结]结束,完结,终了
conclusion [见上,-ion名词后缀]完结,结束,结局,结论
They drew different conclusions from the facts. 他们根据这些事实得出了不同的结论。
conclusive [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的]结论的,总结性的,最后的
They had conclusive evidence of her guilt.他们对她的罪行有确凿的证据。
seclude [se-离,分开,clud关闭;与外界隔离]使隔离,孤立,隐居,退隐
seclude oneself from society与世隔绝对,退隐
seclusive [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的]隐居性的,爱隐居的
secluded [见上,-ed形容词后缀,…的]隔离的,隐退的,僻静的
recluse [re-回,退,clus关闭;闭门退居]退居的,隐居的,隐士,遁世者
reclusive [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的]隐退的,隐居的,遁世的
occlude [oc=against,clud关闭;关闭起来,不让通过]使堵塞,使闭塞
occlusion [见上,clud→clus,-ion名词后缀]堵塞,闭塞
occlusive [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的]闭塞的,堵塞的
preclude [pre-前,先,预先,clud关闭;预先关闭]阻止,预防,排除,消除
We try to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding.我们努力排除任何误解的可能性。
preclusion [见上,clud→clus,-ion名词后缀]预防,防止,排除
preclusive [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的]预防(性)的,排除的,阻止的
14、cogn
cogn=know知道
cognition [cogn知道→认识,认知,-ition名词后缀]认识
cognitive [cogn知道?→认识,-itive形容词后缀,…的]认识的
cognize [cogn知道,-ize动词后缀]知道,认识
cognizable [见上,-able形容词后缀,可…的]可认识的,可认知的
incognizable [in-不,见上]不可认识的,不可知的
cognizance [cogniz(e)+ance名词后缀]认识,认知
congnizant [cogniz(e)+ant形容词后缀,…的]认识的,知晓的
incognizant [in-不,见上]没认识到的
recognize [re-表示加强意义,cogn知道→认识,-ize动词后缀]认识,认出,认知
We don't recognize him to be the lawful heir.我们不承认他为合法继承人。
recognizable [见上,-able形容词后缀,可…的]可认识的,可认出的
This situation produces recognizable stress symptoms.
这种情况产生一些容易认出的紧张症状。
irrecognizable [ir-不,见上]不能认识的,不能认出的
recognition [re-表示加强意义,cogn知道→认识,-ition名词后缀]认出,认识,识别
Their recognition of the new law is unlikely.这项新法律不大可能获得他们的承认。
precognition [pre-预先,cogn知道,-ition名词后缀]预知,预察,预见
15、cord
cord=heart心
cordial [cord心,-ial形容词后缀,…的]衷心的,诚心的
The hostess is very cordial.女主人非常热情。
cordially [见上,-ly副词后缀,…的]衷心的,诚心的,真诚的
He greeted her most cordially.他向她热情地打招呼。
cordiality [见上,-ity名词后缀]诚心,热诚,亲切
The banquet is being held in an atmosphere of friendship and cordiality.
宴会在热情友好的气氛中进行着。
record [re-回,再,cord心→想,忆;“回忆”→以备回忆之用]记录,记载
recorder [见上,-er表示人或物]记录者,录音机
recordable [见上,-able形容词后缀,可…的]可记录的
recordation [见上,ation名词后缀]记录,记载
recording [见上,-ing名词后缀]记录,录音
recordist [见上,-ist表示人]录音员
concord [con-共同,相同,合,cord心,意;同心合意]和谐,同意,一致,协调
These states had lived in concord for centuries.这些国家几个世纪以来一直和睦相处。
concordant [见上,-ant形容词后缀, …的]和谐的,一致的,协调的
discord [dis分,离,cord心,意;分心离意]不一致,不协调,不和
There are many discords in this family.在这个家庭里有许多争吵。
discordance [见上,-ance名词后缀]不一致,不协调,不和
discordant [见上,-ant形容词后缀,…的]不一致的,不协调的,不和的
accord [ac-表示to,cord心;心心相印]一致,协调,符合,使一致
They came to an accord that profits should be shared equally.他们达成协议, 收益由均分。
accordance [见上,-ance名词后缀]一致,协调,调和
accordant [见上,-ant形容词后缀,…的]一致的,协调的
cordate [cord心,-ate形容词后缀,…的]心脏形的
core [cor=cord心]核心
The core of our appeal is freedom of speech. 我们呼吁的中心是要言论自由。
16.corpor=body (corpor也作corp)
corporation,corporator,corporate,incorporate,in-做,作成,incorporation,
上,-ation名词后缀]合并;[结合而成的组织]团体,公司,社团
International Economic Consultants Incorporation国际经济咨询公司
incorporator [见上,-ator人]合并者,团体成员,社团成员
agricorporation [agri=agriculture农业,corporation公司]农业综合公司
corporal [corpor体→身体,肉体,-al形容词后缀,…的]身体的,肉体的
Nowadays, corporal punishment is banned in many schools.现在许多学校禁止体罚。
corporeal [corpor体→体形,-eal形容词后缀,…的]形体的,有形的,物质的,肉体的
incorporeal [in-无,非,corporeal形体的]无形体的,无实体的,非物质的
corporealize [见corporeal,-ize动词后缀,…化,使…]使具有形体,合物质化
corporeality [见上,-ity名词后缀]形体的存在,具体性
corps [corp体→团体]军团,军,队,团
The corps are [is]assembling near this town.军团正在本城镇附近集结。
corpse 尸体,死体
The living soldiers put corpses together and burned them.活着的战士把尸体放在一起烧了。
corpulent [corp体,→肉体,-ulent=-lent多…的;“多肉体的”]肥胖的
He was fifty or there abouts and was corpulent and tall in person.他约50岁,身体肥胖高大。
17.cred=believe,trust相信,信任
credible,credibility,incredible,incredibility,credulous,incredulous,credit,creditable,discredit,accredit,ac-表示to,credence,credential,creed
18.cruc=cross十字
crucial,crusade,crus=cruc,-ade名词后缀,表示集体,crusader,cruise,cru=cruc,--ise动词后缀,cruiser,cruisette,-ette表示小,crucifix,crucifixion,crucify,-i-,-fy动词后缀,crucifier,cruciform,-form形容词后缀,excruciate,ex-使…做…,-ate动词后缀,excruciation
19.cur=care关心,挂念,注意
security,secure,insecure,insecurity,curious,curiosity,curio,curiosity,incurious,incuriosity,cure,curable,incurable,curative,