mmap通信

mmap共享映射区
void *mmap(void *addr,size_t length,int prot,int flags,int fd,off_t offset);
addr 传NULL
length 长度
prot PROT_READ可读 PROT_WRITE可写
flags MAP_SHARED共享的,修改内存会影响原文件 MAP_PRIVATE私有的
fd 文件描述符,open打开一个文件
offset 偏移量
返回值:成功返回可用的内存首地址,失败返回MAP_FAILED

释放映射区
int munmap(void *addr,size_t length);
addr 传mmap的返回值
length mmap创建的长度
返回值:成功返回0,失败返回-1

mmap.c

#include <stdio.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <sys/mman.h>#include <string.h>int main(){    int fd = open("mem.txt",O_RDWR);//创建并且截断文件    //int fd = open("mem.txt",O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,0664);//创建并且截断文件    ftruncate(fd,8);       //创建映射区   char *mem = mmap(NULL,20,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED,fd,0);    //char *mem = mmap(NULL,8,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,MAP_PRIVATE,fd,0);    if(mem == MAP_FAILED){        perror("mmap err");        return -1;    }    close(fd);    //拷贝数据    strcpy(mem,"helloworld");//    mem  ;    //释放mmap    if(munmap(mem,20) < 0){        perror("munmap err");    }    return 0;}

mmap九问:
1.如果更改mem变量的地址,释放的时候munmap,传入mem能成功吗?(不能)
2.如果对mem越界操作会怎么样?(文件大小对映射区有影响,尽量避免)
3.如果文件偏移量填任意数会怎么样?(offset必须是4k的整数倍)
4.如果文件描述符先关闭,对mmap映射有没有影响?(没有影响)
5.open的时候,可以新创建一个文件来创建映射区吗?(可以,文件大小不能为0)
6.open文件可以选择O_WRONLY吗?(不可以,Permission denied)
7.选择MAP_SHARED的时候,open文件选择O_RDONLY,prot可以选择PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE吗?(Permission denied,SHARED的时候,映射区的权限<=open文件的权限)
8.mmap什么情况会报错?(很多情况…)
9.如果不判断返回值会怎么样?(会死的很难看…)

用mmap实现父子进程通信
如果进程要通信flags必须设为MAP_SHARED

mmap_child.c

#include <stdio.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <sys/mman.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <sys/wait.h>int main(){    // 先创建映射区    int fd = open("mem.txt",O_RDWR);    //int *mem = mmap(NULL,4,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED,fd,0);    int *mem = mmap(NULL,4,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,MAP_PRIVATE,fd,0);    if(mem == MAP_FAILED){        perror("mmap err");        return -1;    }    // fork子进程    pid_t pid = fork();    // 父进程和子进程交替修改数据    if(pid == 0 ){        //son         *mem = 100;        printf("child,*mem = %d\n",*mem);        sleep(3);        printf("child,*mem = %d\n",*mem);    }    else if(pid > 0){        //parent        sleep(1);        printf("parent,*mem=%d\n",*mem);        *mem = 1001;        printf("parent,*mem=%d\n",*mem);        wait(NULL);    }    munmap(mem,4);    close(fd);    return 0;}

匿名映射:无需打开文件即可创建映射区

mmap.anon.c

#include <stdio.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <sys/mman.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <sys/wait.h>int main(){    int *mem = mmap(NULL,4,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED|MAP_ANON,-1,0);    if(mem == MAP_FAILED){        perror("mmap err");        return -1;    }    pid_t pid = fork();    if(pid == 0 ){        //son         *mem = 101;        printf("child,*mem=%d\n",*mem);        sleep(3);        printf("child,*mem=%d\n",*mem);    }else if(pid > 0){        //parent         sleep(1);        printf("parent,*mem=%d\n",*mem);        *mem = 10001;        printf("parent,*mem=%d\n",*mem);        wait(NULL);    }    munmap(mem,4);    return 0;}

mmap实现无血缘关系进程通信

mmap_w.c

#include <stdio.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <sys/mman.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <sys/wait.h>typedef struct  _Student{    int sid;    char sname[20];}Student;int main(int argc,char *argv[]){    if(argc != 2){        printf("./a.out filename\n");        return -1;    }        // 1. open file     int fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,0666);    int length = sizeof(Student);    ftruncate(fd,length);    // 2. mmap    Student * stu = mma(NULL,length,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED,fd,0);        if(stu == MAP_FAILED){        perror("mmap err");        return -1;    }    int num = 1;    // 3. 修改内存数据    while(1){        stu->sid = num;        sprintf(stu->sname,"xiaoming-d",num  );        sleep(1);//相当于每隔1s修改一次映射区的内容    }    // 4. 释放映射区和关闭文件描述符    munmap(stu,length);    close(fd);    return 0;}

mmap_r.c

#include <stdio.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <sys/mman.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <sys/wait.h>typedef struct _Student{    int sid;    char sname[20];}Student;int main(int argc,char *argv[]){    //open file     int fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR);    //mmap     int length = sizeof(Student);    Student *stu = mmap(NULL,length,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED,fd,0);    if(stu == MAP_FAILED){        perror("mmap err");        return -1;    }    //read data     while(1){        printf("sid=%d,sname=%s\n",stu->sid,stu->sname);        sleep(1);    }    //close and munmap     munmap(stu,length);    close(fd);    return 0;}

来源:https://www.icode9.com/content-4-864401.html

(0)

相关推荐