九年级英语语法：被动语态
一、含有被动语态的名言欣赏
Life is measured by thought and action, not by time.
衡量生命的尺度是思想和行动，而不是时间长短。
Men are known by his companions.
观其友而知其人。
Rome was not built in a day.
罗马不是一天建成的。
A friend without fault will never be found.
没有缺点的朋友永不可得。
二、被动语态的概念
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
Many people speak Chinese. 许多人说汉语。
谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
Chinese is spoken by many people. 汉语被许多人说。
主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。
一、被动语态结构
一般现在时：am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词
You are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。
一般过去时：was / were +及物动词的过去分词
China was liberated in 1949. 1949年中国解放。
一般将来时：will / shall be +及物动词的过去分词
The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
明天将对这个问题进行讨论。
现在完成时：have / has been +及物动词的过去分词
Not a book in the library has been taken away.
图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。
现在进行时：am / is / are being +及物动词的过去分词
My bike is being repaired.
我的自行车正在修理。
过去完成时：had been +及物动词的过去分词
The book had been borrowed when I got to the library.
我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。
二、主动语态与被动语态的转换
1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2）把谓语变为被动结构（be＋过去分词）
注意：根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
All the people laughed at him. 所有人都嘲笑他。
→He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. 他们在那家工厂制造自行车。
→ The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree. 他砍倒了一棵树。
→ A tree was cut down by him.
4）含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。
Little Tom can work out this maths problem easily.
小汤姆能容易地做出这道数学题。
→ This maths problem can be easily work out by little Tom.
They should do it at once. 他们应该立刻做那件事。
→It should be done at once.
5) 含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
主动语态的双宾语句式: 主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语+其他
被动语态的双宾语句式: 间接宾语+be+过去分词+直接宾语+其他
或:直接宾语+be +过去分词+介词(for / to)+间接宾语+其他
My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
我的父亲在我生日那天给我一本新书。
→ I was given a new book on my birthday (by my father).
→ A new book was given to me on my birthday (by my father).
My father bought me a new computer yesterday.
我的父亲昨天给我买了一台新电脑。
→ I was bought a new computer yesterday (by my father).
→ A new computer was bought for me yesterday (by my father)
6) 带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。
His teacher found him a very good pupil. 他的老师发现他是一个很好的学生。
→ He was found a very good pupil by his teacher.
7) 在主动句中, let, make, see, hear等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to,但在被动句中,则要还原to。
Linda’s parents make her practice the piano every Sunday.
→Linda is made to practice the piano every Sunday.
8) 有些及物动词如have(有), reach, cost等, 以及有些联系动词如smell, taste, sound, feel等,不用于被动语态。
【误】 Five dollars is cost by this book.
【正】 This book costs five dollars. 这本书花费五美元。
【误】 The food is tasted nice.
【正】 The food tastes nice. 这种食物尝起来很好。
I.把下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态的句子。
1. Do you sweep the floor everyday?
_______________________________
2. Did people in the old days grow tea?
________________________________
3. We have learned Lesson 60.
________________________________
4. We can’t see many of the stars.
________________________________
5.Chinahas sent up man-made satellites into space.
________________________________
6. They will plant the trees tomorrow.
________________________________
7. I see him go to school everyday.
________________________________
8. Our teacher made us close our eyes in the game.
________________________________
II. 使用被动语态翻译下列句子。
1.我们不把英语当作第一语言使用。
_________________________________
2. 这些电视机是1990年日本出产的。
_________________________________
3.法国人说英语还是法语?
________________________________
4.中国什么地方生产盐?
_________________________________
5. 这些树可以被种在道路的两边。
________________________________
6. 每天早晨都能听到小鸟唱歌的声音。
________________________________
7. 世界被变成了一个更小的地方。
________________________________
III. 单项选择。
1. Look! A big modern building _________ in our city.
A. is built
B. is being built
C. has been built
D. is building
2. Your bike can’t ______ there.
A. be put
B. is put
C. be putted
D. putted
3. Mary _______ the song at a party.
A. heard sing
B. was heard sing
C. heard to sing
D. was heard to sing
4. ______ trees usually _______ in April?
A. Have, planted
B. Are, planted
C. have, been planted
D. Do, planted
5. My room _______ tomorrow.
A. is cleaned
B. be cleaned
C. will be cleaned
D. is cleaning
6. When ______ your school ________?
A. did, built
B. was，built
C. is， built
D. was， building
7. The window of our house _______ once a week.
A. have been cleaned
B. is cleaned
C. are cleaned
D. are cleaning
8. The sick girl _______ to the hospital at once.
A. must send
B. be must sent
C. must be sent
D. be sent
9. Many books on science _____ since I went to college.
A. were bought
B. have been bought
C. will be bought
D. are bought
10. People have come to know that their health must ______.
A. pay more attention
B. pay more attention to
C. be paid more attention
D. be paid more attention to
11. A beautiful picture ____ the children in the classroom.
A. was shown to
B. was shown
C. were shown to
D. were shown
12. A new bike ____ Tom tomorrow.
A. will lend
B. will lent
C. will be lent
D. will be lent to
13. Some eggs and a glass of milk ____ the Frenchman.
A. have been brought to
B. has been brought to
C. have been brought
D. has been brought
14. Miss White said she ____ some beautiful coats in the shop.
A. had been show
B. has been shown
C. had been shown to
D. had been shown
15. Jack ____ answer the question in French.
A. asked to
B. was ask
C. was asked
D. was asked to
【真题链接】
1. The novel ______ by many people today.
A. is read
B. are read
C. reads
D. were read
2.These model cars ____ inChinain 2013.
A. are made
B. were made
C. make
D. made
3. — How clean your car is!
— Thank you. It ____ very often.
A. is washed
B. washes
C. was washed
D. washed
4. When you ______ a difficult task, try to continue with it and finish it.
A. give
B. are giving
C. gave
D. are given
5. We to start at once, or we will miss the train.
A. tell
B. have told
C. are told
D. told
参考答案
I.把下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态的句子。
1. Is the floor swept（by you）everyday?
2. Was tea grown by people in the old days?
3. Lesson 60 has been learned by us.
4. Many of the stars can’t be seen by us.
5. Man-made satellites have been sent up into space byChina.
6. The trees will be planted tomorrow.
7. He is seen to go to school everyday.
9. We were made to close our eyes in the game.
II. 使用被动语态翻译下列句子。
1. English isn’t used as our first language.
2. The TV sets were made inJapanin 1990.
3. Is English or French spoken by Frenchmen?
4. Where is salt produced inChina?
5. These trees can be planted at the sides of the road.
6. The birds are heard to sing every morning.
7. The world is made to be a much smaller place.
III. 单项选择。
1. B。本句结构为：现在进行时的被动语态。句意为“在我们城里，一座现代化的楼房正在被建”。
2.A。本句结构为：含有情态动词的被动语态。句意为“你的自行车不能被放在那”。
3.D。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。此句中复合宾语的不定式to不能省略。句意为“玛丽被听到在宴会上唱歌”。
4.B。本句结构为：一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“植树通常是在四月份吗？”。
5.C。本句结构为：一般将来的被动语态。句意为“我的房间将在明天被清扫”。
6.B。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“你们学校是什么时候被建造的？”。
7.B。本句结构为：一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是单数，用be动词is。句意为“我们房子的窗户一周被清洗一次”。
8.C。本句结构为：情态动词的被动语态。句意为“那个生病的女孩必须马上被送到医院”。
9.B。本句结构为：现在完成时的被动语态。句意为“自从我上大学，已经买了许多关于科学的书”。
10.D。本句结构为：情态动词的被动语态，这里pay attention to是固定搭配，它的宾语是health。句意为“人们已经渐渐意识到必须关注他们的健康”。
11.A。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“一张漂亮的图片被出示给教室里的孩子们”。
12.D。本句结构为：一般将来时的被动语态。句意为“明天一辆新的自行车将被借给汤姆”。
13.A。本句结构为：现在完成时的被动语态。句意为“一些鸡蛋和一杯牛奶已经被带给了那个法国人”。
14.D。本句的主句是过去时，所以宾语从句要用过去完成时的被动语态。句意为“怀特小姐说她在商店里被出示了一些漂亮的上衣”。
15.D。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“杰克被要求用法语回答问题”。
【真题链接】
1. A。主语是the novel，所以谓语要用单数形式，所以排除答案B和D；题中出现明显时间词today，所以时态应为一般现在时。故答案为A。
2. B。句意：这些模型汽车是中国2013年制造的。由时间状语in 2013可知时态为一般过去时，model cars与动词make之间为被动关系。故选B。
3. A。解析：句意：——你的车真干净。——谢谢，它经常清洗。根据often可知，应用一般现在时；车应该是被洗，所以用被动语态。故选A项。
4. D。句意：“当你被给一项艰巨的任务时，试图继续做并完成它。”give sb. sth.改成被动是sb. be given sth.；根据语境，故选D。
5. C。句意：“我们被告知立刻出发，否则将赶不上火车。”根据句意可知，主语we不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者，因此要使用被动语态。