玛丽安·摩尔诗选(一)
玛丽安·摩尔(Marianne Moore,1887—1972),1887年11月15号出生于美国密苏里州的柯克伍德城,美国现代派女诗人,1952年获普利策诗歌奖。主要诗文集有:《诗集》(Poems,1921年);《观察》(Observations, 1924年);《诗歌选集》(Selected Poems, 1935年);《何谓岁月》(What Are Years,1941年);《然而》(Nevertheless, 1944年);《诗和评论集》(Poetry and Criticism,1965年);《诗歌全集》(The Complete Poems,196年)。翻译著作:拉封丹《寓言诗》(Fables of La Fontaine, 1954年)。
迷迭香
美,和美之子,和迷迭香——
简单地说,就是维纳斯和爱,她的儿子——
据称诞生于海上,
在每个圣诞节,彼此相伴,
编织一个欢宴的花篮。
并不总叫迷迭香——
自从逃到埃及,它冷漠地开花。
绿色的叶子如同标枪似的,背面泛着银色,
它的花——起初是白色——
后来变成了蓝色。记忆的香草,
模仿了圣母玛利亚的蓝色长袍,
对于这既是象征又是香料的花来说,
这并非传奇。
从海边的石头,跃到
基督的高度,在他三十三岁时。
它吸食露水,喂养蜜蜂,
“有一种无声的语言”,在现实中
是一种圣诞树。
注:*迷迭香,它的英文名字(Rosemary)是由两个拉丁文〈ros和marinus〉演变而来的,意指“大海之朝露”。迷迭香原产于地中海沿岸,属于常绿灌木,夏天会开蓝色小花,看起来像小水滴一般,所以被称之为“海中之露”。传说迷迭香的花本是白色,圣母玛莉亚带着圣婴耶稣逃往埃及的途中,曾将她的蓝色罩袍挂在迷迭香树上,从此,迷迭香的花就转为蓝色了。迷迭香因此又被称为“圣母玛利亚的玫瑰”。耶稣在逃离犹太前往埃及途中,将洗好的衣服晾晒在迷迭香上,赋予了它许多药效,成为基督教的神圣供品。
Rosemary
Beauty and Beauty"s son and rosemary –
Venus and Love, her son, to speak plainly -
born of the sea supposedly,
at Christmas each, in company,
braids a garland of festivity.
Not always rosemary -
since the flight to Egypt, blooming indifferently.
With lancelike leaf, green but silver underneath,
its flowers - white originally -
turned blue. The herb of memory,
imitating the blue robe of Mary,
is not too legendary
to flower both as symbol and as pungency.
Springing from stones beside the sea,
the height of Christ when he was thirty-three,
it feeds on dew and to the bee
"hath a dumb language"; is in reality
a kind of Christmas tree.
过去是此刻
如果外在的活力枯竭
而韵律过时了,
我将回到你,
哈巴谷*,正如在圣经班上
老师讲授无韵诗时,
说——我想我重复了他的原话——
“希伯来人的诗
是带有深刻体验的散文。”迷狂提供了
情境,而适宜决定了形式。
(倪志娟 译)
注:*希伯来《圣经》(即《旧约全书》)中的所谓十二小先知书之一。据说是先知哈巴谷所作。
The Past is the Present
If external action is effete
and rhyme is outmoded,
I shall revert to you,
Habakkuk, as when in a Bible class
the teacher was speaking of unrhymed verse.
He said - and I think I repeat his exact words -
"Hebrew poetry is prose
with a sort of heightened consciousness." Ecstasy affords
the occasion and expediency determines the form.
沉默
我的父亲常说,
“上等人从不做长久地拜访,
不欣赏朗费罗的坟墓*
也不做哈佛大学的玻璃花**。
要像猫那样独立——
将它的猎物带到隐蔽地,
老鼠柔软的尾巴挂在它的嘴上,像一根鞋带——
它们有时享受孤独,
能为那些令他们愉悦的话,
丧失自己的语言。
最深的情感总是在沉默中显现;
不是沉默,而是抑制着。”
他也不无诚意地说,“将我的房子当作你的旅馆。”
旅馆不是居所。
(倪志娟 译)
注:
*出于诗人朗费罗的名言:“生命是真实的,生命是诚挚的,坟墓不是他的终点。”摩尔在这里的意思是,拜访不可无休无止。
*哈佛大学有个著名的“玻璃花博物馆”,珍藏了3000多件用玻璃材质制作的植物标本,涵盖847个物种,全部出自欧洲一对玻璃手工艺师父子之手。
沉默
我父亲曾经说:
“优秀的人从不长久逗留,
从不需要被带去参观朗费罗之墓
或哈佛的玻璃花。
像会把猎物隐藏起来的猫——
老鼠的瘫软尾巴,像一根鞋带挂在嘴边
一样自立——
他们有时享受孤独,
当别人说出让他们感到有趣的话时
他们可以保持沉默。
最深沉的情感总是显现在沉默中;
不是以沉默,而是以节制的方式。”
他诚恳地说:“请把我家当作你的客栈吧。”
客栈不是住宅。
(明迪 译)
Silence
My father used to say,
"Superior people never make long visits,
have to be shown Longfellow"s grave
nor the glass flowers at Harvard.
Self reliant like the cat --
that takes its prey to privacy,
the mouse"s limp tail hanging like a shoelace from its mouth –
they sometimes enjoy solitude,
and can be robbed of speech
by speech which has delighted them.
The deepest feeling always shows itself in silence;
not in silence, but restraint."
Nor was he insincere in saying, "Make my house your inn."
Inns are not residences.
致一个蒸汽压路机
如果不被使用,
说明对你毫无意义。
你没有一丁点儿幽默。你将所有的颗粒
压成整块,然后在上面走来走去。
闪闪发光的岩石碎片
被压成平滑的基石。
如果不是因为“审美中的客观
判断,是一种形而上学的不可能”,你
应该很好地完成了
它。至于蝴蝶,我几乎难以想象
有人会留意你,但是,这不起眼的补充物
即使存在着,去质疑它是否合宜,也是徒劳的。
(倪志娟 译)
To a Steam Roller
The illustration
is nothing to you without the application.
You lack half wit. You crush all the particles down
into close conformity, and then walk back and forth on them.
Sparkling chips of rock
are crushed down to the level of the parent block.
Were not "impersonal judment in aesthetic
matters, a metaphysical impossibility," you
might fairly achieve
it. As for butterflies, I can hardly conceive
of one"s attending upon you, but to question
the congruence of the complement is vain, if it exists.
苦行者
“我们见过驯鹿
在草地漫步,觅食;” 一位
曾到过拉普兰的朋友说:“它们能适应
瑞诺*即草原的
艰苦条件,50分钟内
能奔跑11 英里;足蹄在柔软的雪地上
可以扩张,
其作用如雪鞋一样。不管拉普兰
和西伯利亚的绣艺家
制作多么漂亮的齿状皮革饰边,
来装饰它们的挽缰和鞍带,
它们仍然是苦行者。
一只驯鹿面对着我们,它坚硬的脸,
一半是棕色,一半是白色——阿尔卑斯山的
花中皇后**,圣诞老人的驯鹿,终于
为我们所见。它有棕灰色的
毛发,脖子像雪绒花
或斗篷草,——更精确地说,像
列奥讷坡蒂姆***。”它们
枝状烛台似的角
点缀着一个不毛之地,作为一种礼物
被引进到阿拉斯加,
避免了爱斯基摩人的
灭绝。这场战役
由一个沉默的男人打赢,
希尔顿 杰克逊,他为这个种族带去了福音,
在驯鹿的脸上宣判了对他们的缓刑。
(倪志娟 译)
注:
*原文Reino,拉普兰语,草原的意思。
**即雪绒花,被称为高山皇后。
*** 原文leontopodium,拉丁文中的雪绒花名。意译为“狮子之脚”,暗示这种花的尊贵地位。
Rigorists
“We saw reindeer
browsing,”a friend who’d been in Lapland, said:
“finding their own food; they are adapted
to scant reino Reino
or pasture, yet they can run eleven
miles in fifty minutes; the feet spread when
the snow is soft,
and act as snowshoes. They are rigorists,
however handsomely cutwork artists
of Lapland and
Siberia elaborate the trace
or saddle-girth with saw-tooth leather lace.
One looked at us
With its firm face part brown, part white,-a queen
of alpine flowers. Santa Claus’ reindeer, seen
at last, had grey-
brown fur, with a neck like edelweiss or
Lion’s foot,-leontopodium more
exactly.”and
this candelabrum-headed omament
for a place where ornaments are scarce, set
to Alaska,
was a gift preventing the extinction
of the Esquimo. The battle was won
by a quiet man,
Sheldon Jackson, evangel to that race
Whose reprieve he read in the reindeer’s face.
不明智的园艺
如果黄色意味着不忠,
我就是一个叛逆者。
我不能因为书上说黄色是不详之兆,
白色代表好,
便敌视一朵黄玫瑰。
无论如何,你特有的喜好,
个人感受,
的确可以藐视
生气的耳朵,而不必容忍
妄自尊大。
(倪志娟 译)
Injudicious Gardening
If yellow betokens infidelity,
I am an infidel.
I could not bear a yellow rose ill will
because books said that yellow boded ill,
white promised well.
However, your particular possession,
the sense of privacy,
indeed might deprecate
offended ears, and need not tolerate
effrontery.
何谓岁月?
何谓我们的清白?
何谓我们的罪?每个人
都必须面对,没有谁可以幸免。而勇气
来自何处:这没有答案的问题,
这坚定的怀疑,
无声的呼喊,聋子似的倾听——
不幸,乃至死亡,
激励了他人,
而失败, 将
激励灵魂自身强大起来?他
深刻地了解,并快乐,
接受必死性,
即使被束缚着,
仍努力提升自己,就像
峡谷中的海,渴求自由,
却无法得逞,
当它屈服时,
才发现了自己的延续性。
因此,他强烈地感受,
积极地行动。如同鸟,
歌唱着,坚定地向上,
越飞越高。虽然他是俘虏,
他有力的歌声
表明,满足微不足道,
快乐才是纯粹之事。
这是必死的命运,
这是永恒。
What Are Years?
What is our innocence,
what is our guilt? All are
naked, none is safe. And whence
is courage: the unanswered question,
the resolute doubt, -
dumbly calling, deafly listening-that
in misfortune, even death,
encourage others
and in it"s defeat, stirs
the soul to be strong? He
sees deep and is glad, who
accededs to mortality
and in his imprisonment rises
upon himself as
the sea in a chasm, struggling to be
free and unable to be,
in its surrendering
finds its continuing.
So he who strongly feels,
behaves. The very bird,
grown taller as he sings, steels
his form straight up. Though he is captive,
his mighty singing
says, satisfaction is a lowly
thing, how pure a thing is joy.
This is mortality,
this is eternity.
然而
你看见了一颗草莓,
那里曾有过一场争斗;是的,
在碎片聚集的地方,
一只刺猬或一只海
星,为它传播了大量的
种子。比苹果种子
更好的食物?——这果实中的
果实,被闭锁着,
如同相向弯曲的一对
榛实。霜,杀死了
橡胶草*的
小叶子,却无法
伤害根;它们在冻结的地里
继续存活。那里
曾有过一株仙人果,
它的叶子粘在带刺的铁丝网上,
根扎在
两英尺下的土中;
如同胡萝卜上长出了曼德拉草,
或者,一只公羊角
偶尔生了根。胜利不会
降临于我,除非我
走向它;一根葡萄藤
打了一个又一个结,一共
三十个——于是
嫩枝被束缚住——
无法摇动,忍耐着,不断超越。
弱者战胜了它的
威胁,强者战胜了
它自己。那里存在的
是坚韧!汁液
流过纤细的脉络
使樱桃变红!
注:*橡胶草,青胶蒲公英一种中亚的蒲公英 (橡胶草 蒲公英属),长有能分泌一种橡胶的肉质根。在二战中被用来制造橡胶产品。
Nevertheless
You"ve seen a strawberry
that"s had a struggle; yet
was, where the fragments met,
a hedgehog or a star-
fish for the multitude
of seeds. What better food
than apple-seeds - the fruit
within the fruit - locked in
like counter-curved twin
hazel-nuts? Frost that kills
the little rubber-plant-
leaves of kok-saghyz-stalks, can"t
harm the roots; they still grow
in frozen ground. Once where
there was a prickly-pear-
leaf clinging to barbed wire,
a root shot down to grow
in earth two feet below;
as carrots form mandrakes
or a ram"s horn root some-
times. Victory won"t come
to me unless I go
to it; a grape-tendril
ties a knot in knots till
knotted thirty times, -- so
the bound twig that"s under-
gone and over-gone, can"t stir.
The weak overcomes its
menace, the strong over-
comes itself. What is there
like fortitude! What sap
went through that little thread
to make the cherry red!