介词宾语,就是放在介词后面的名词、名词短语、甚至宾语从句,或者一些代词。在实际应用中,介词宾语常置于主语和谓语之间,因此在一定程度上它还是会影响到主谓一致的,特别是当不定代词指代介词宾语中的部分时。
一、介词宾语不是句中主语
不要受靠近谓语动词的介词宾语的欺骗,当介词后面的宾语若不是句中的主语时,句中的谓语应该与真正的主语保持数上的一致,例如:
楼梯下有一盒杂志。
✔: A box of magazines is under the stairs.
❌: A box of magazines are under the stairs.
解析:此句的主语不是介词宾语 magazines,而是 a box,因此谓语动词用单数 is.
✔: The analysis of the results reveals a significant difference between the groups.❌: The analysis of the results reveal a significant difference between the groups.解析:此句的主语不是介词宾语 the results,而是 the analysis,因此谓语动词用单数 reveal.✔: The boy at the door is my brother.❌: The boy at the door are my brother.解析:此句的主语不是介词宾语 the door,而是 the boy,因此谓语动词用单数 is.✔: The engineer at the controls is working hard.❌: The engineer at the controls are working hard.解析:此句的主语不是介词宾语 the controls,而是 the engineer,因此谓语动词用复数 are.
1. 当主语是 each 时,介词 of 后面的宾语无论是单数还是复数,谓语都用单数,例如:Each of the guide dogs is assigned a trainer.Each of these systems has its advantages and disadvantages.总结一下,”each of …“结构作主语时,谓语动词都用单数,此时的 each 是不定代词,指代单数个 of 后面的宾语,在上面两句 each 分别指代 a guide dog 和 a system.
2. 当主语是表示部分的单词如 half,more,some,a lot,majority 和 all 等时,谓语根据 of 后面的名词变化而变化,若 of 后面的是复数名词,则谓语用复数,若 of 的后面是单数名词,则谓语用单数,例如:Half of the cakes are missing.Half of the cake are missing.A lot of the cakes have disappeared.Some of the cake has disappeared.Some of the cake has disappeared.从以上例句可以,若 of 后面的名词是单数形式,那么句中的谓语用单数,且翻译的时候要体现“名词”中的一部分;若是复数形式,那么句中的谓语用复数,且翻译的时候要体现是一部分的“名词”。
3. 当 ”none of …“结构作主语时,谓语用单复数都可以,在正式文体中用单数,例如:None of her family has/have been to college.