初二英语:下册语法考点总结!
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①单音节单词
tall→taller→tallest
large→larger→largest
(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。
busy→busier→busiest
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
bad→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。
He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。
This apple is the biggest of the five. 这个苹果是五个当中最大的。
I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
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2.谓语:主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。
3. 宾语:分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者。
4. 系动词:表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。如 be, 感官系动词(look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel)、保持类系动词(keep, stay 和 remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn 和 go)等。
5. 表语:紧跟系动词后面的成分。
6. 定语:修饰名词或代词的成分。
7. 状语:修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。
8. 补语:分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。
注意:主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分;定语和状语是一个句子的修饰性成分,不是主干成分。
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2. 复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
3. 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
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例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析:“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。
例:I study English.分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
例:He asked her to go there.分析:“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go there”(补语—补充说明宾语做什么)。
常用的系动词有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。
例:I am a teacher. 我是一名老师分析:“I”(主语)“am”(系动词)“a teacher”(表语—即表明主语的身份)。
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如:She knew that the teacher had seen the film.她知道这位老师看过这部电影。
“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的宾语,同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句,所以它叫做宾语从句。
如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
如:I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。
如:I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。
①当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
(2)语序:任何从句都使用陈述句语序,宾语从句当然也不例外。
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肯定式:am/is/are+doing(现在分词)
否定式:am/is/are not +doing(现在分词)
They’re having a meeting now. 他们现在正在开会。
They aren't having a meeting now. 他们现在没有在开会。
Are they having a meeting now?他们现在正在开会吗?
What are they doing now?他们现在正在做什么?
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What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事?
I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。
I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。
Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗?
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否定式:will not=won't
一般疑问式:will+主语+动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?
Oil and water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。
否定式:am/is/are not going to +动词原形
特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?
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You mustn’t talk aloud in the library.
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