你知道英语里“蓝瘦”原来分这3种吗？

英语里用来表达“蓝瘦（难受）”的单词很多，下面表格中是较为常用的24个，你平时常用的是哪几个呢？

其中，最为常见的“蓝瘦（难受）”有三种，它们是：sadness、grief和depression。

那么，这三种“蓝瘦”都有什么区别呢？我们接下来就借用著名心理学家John Preston博士的观点来唠唠。

【Sadness】

• 博士说：Sadness is considered a normal, healthy emotional reaction to minor losses and disappointments. Sadness is very transient, lasting only several minutes, a few hours, or, at most, a few days. It is unpleasant but typically doesn't interfere with your functioning. Normal, minor bouts of sadness don't knock you off your feet.

• 小编译：伤心（sadness）是一种在遭受小损失或经历小失望后的情绪反应，这种情绪反应是正常而健康的。伤心情绪的持续时间很短，只是持续几分钟、几个小时或者最多几天的时间。这是一种不愉快的经历，但一般不会影响你的身体健康，不会把你击垮。

【Grief】

• 博士说：Grief is a much more intense and sometimes human experience. However, it is considered an inevitable and normal emotional reaction that people in every culture across the world experience after a major loss, such as the death of a loved one or a divorce. Grief tends to have a major disruptive effect on the lives of the grief stricken and can result in prolonged periods of sadness, loneliness, and mourning, which can last anywhere from a few months to several years. Normal grieving may last a very long time; broken hearts do not mend quickly. Grief is extremely painful, but it is not mental illness.

• 小编译：悲痛（grief）是一种更加强烈有时甚至是毁灭性的情绪经历。但是，这种情绪仍然是正常的，也是不可避免的，世界各地的人们都会经历。这种情绪反应往往发生在巨大的损失之后，比如爱人的去世或者离婚。悲痛情绪往往会严重影响正常生活，并且会导致长时间的伤心、孤独和哀痛，时间会长达几个月甚至是几年，很难很快恢复过来。悲痛情绪是极为痛苦的，但它并非精神疾病。

【Depression】

• 博士说：Grief also differs from depression in two other ways. With normal grief reactions, your feelings of self-esteem are generally unaffected. Despite great sadness, you continue to believe that you are a worthwhile individual. In clinical depression, feelings of worthlessness, inadequacy, and lack of self-confidence are common. Also, there are four symptoms of depression that are absent during times of grief: serious thoughts about suicide, severe sleep disturbances, marked agitation, and a complete loss of aliveness and vitality.

• 小编译：悲痛（grief）与消沉（depression）有两点不同。如果感到悲痛，你的自信心并未受到影响。尽管深感伤心，你仍然相信你自己的价值。而临床研究发现，一个人要是消沉，就会否定自我价值，觉得自己无能，缺乏自信心。此外，与悲痛不同的是，当你消沉时，会出现四种症状：严重的自杀想法、严重的睡眠障碍、极为易怒、完全没有生气与活力。

• 博士说：Although the daily experience of a person grieving may be filled with feelings of loss and sadness, there is also the ability to experience moments of happiness. The grieving person may enjoy a funny movie, experience happiness when visiting a loved one, appreciate a nice meal, or enjoy seeing a beautiful landscape. Even while grieving, despite a good deal of suffering, thankfully, there can be times of pleasure and aliveness. Often, this is not the case with depression. With severe depression, most often there is no ability to experience even brief moments of happiness. Life feels boring, dull, and robbed of all vitality and meaningfulness.

• 小编译：尽管人在悲痛（grieved）之时，会感到若有所失和伤心，但与此同时，仍然还会经历快乐的时刻。比如，看一场搞笑的电影，看望钟爱的人，享受一顿美餐，欣赏一处美景，等等。在悲痛时，尽管会遭受较多痛苦，但是令人欣慰的是，总还会享有快乐和充满活力的时刻。然而，如果人感到消沉（depresssed），情况就不一样了。如果严重消沉时，哪怕是短暂的快乐都无法消受，生活总是乏味的，无聊的，没有一点生气与意义！

那么，你觉得南宁的那个小伙子，当时是处于哪种“蓝瘦”的情绪之中呢？