向努力的自己致敬
很多年后
你们会记得这个特别的国庆
因为你的努力和充实
我虽然不能当面陪在大家身旁
但通过网络和微博微信的方式
我尽全力去参与了大家的学习
虽然每次上课时
并不能看到大家
但通过一根网线和WIFI
我似乎也能想象到你们
在听课时那种专注
还有在图书馆想笑不敢笑的内伤
四六级考研复习中的困惑
欢迎长按二维码分答提问
01
【昨日回顾】
Those who support the “nurture” theory,that is,they advocate education,are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.
赞成“后天培养”理论的那些人,即提倡培养教育的人,通常被称为行为主义者。他们声称,在决定我们的行为方式时,环境比以生理为基础的本能更为重要。
2
【今日长难句】
A behaviorist,B.F. Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
3
【句子分析】
1. 首句主干:A behaviorist sees humans as beings. 修饰成分:B.F. Skinner 与a behaviorist 互为同位语;whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. 为定语从句,修饰beings.
2. 句子主干为“主谓宾”结构= the behaviorists +maintain +that 引导的宾语从句。修饰成分:like machines 修饰宾语从句的主语humans, 译为:像机器一样;as the basis of their behavior 为as 引导的介词短语,修饰整句话,直译为:作为他们行为的基础,意译为:是他们行为的基础。
4
【基础必备词】
behaviorist n.行为主义者
humans n.人类
beings n. (任何真实或虚构的) 生物
shape vt. 塑造
surroundings n. 周围环境
maintain vt. 维持;维修;主张
respond vi. 回答;作出反应;
stimuli n. 刺激;刺激物;促进因素(stimulus的复数)
5
【参考译文】
A behaviorist,B.F. Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
一位名叫B.F.史基纳的行为主义者认为人类是行为模式完全是由周围环境塑造的生物。行为主义者坚信,人像机器一样,对环境的刺激作出反应,这是他们行为的基础。
7
【长难句理解/翻译技巧】
“逐字翻译”是很多同学理解和翻译长难句的致命障碍,因为纠结于某一个表达的译文,如see humans as beings whose,就可能生硬的译为:将人类看做生物,其……;导致虽然知道该句的大概含义,却写不出人话的话语。
此时,建议一定不要逐字翻译,而是把握主要信息,即:该部分的名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词的基本含义,然后组合汉语表达即可。因此,该句还可以译为:一位名叫B.F.史基纳的行为主义者认为,人的行为模式完全是由周围环境塑造的。
8
【明日预告】
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.