双语 | 掬水月在手——叶嘉莹先生的诗意人生
纪录片《掬水月在手》于10月16日全国公映,记录了中国古典诗词大家叶嘉莹先生诗意的一生。叶先生与诗词结下深缘,一生与诗词相伴,在数次历经坎坷之际,诗词给了她无穷的力量,而她也用自己毕生之力,阐述古典诗词之美。
纪录片《掬水月在手》预告片
不同于普通传记电影,该片采用了别具一格的视听语言,将吟诗、空镜头等元素融入其中,展现出古典诗歌一般的意境感。此中诗意从广受关注的纪录片片名《掬水月在手》(Like the Dyer's Hand)中便可略见一斑。中文片名“掬水月在手”语出唐代诗人于良史的《春山夜月》:
春山夜月
Moon Over the Spring Mountain
春山多胜事,赏玩夜忘归。
In the spring mountains there were many spots worth seeing,
I forgot to return from my enjoyment though night fell.
掬水月在手,弄花香满衣。
In my hands that held water clear the moon seemed shining,
The caress of flowers steeped my clothes with sweet smell.
兴来无远近,欲去惜芳菲。
My mood for sightseeing lasted in spite of the distance,
I tried to leave but hated to part with the fragrance.
南望鸣钟处,楼台深翠微。
Looking southward at the place where the bell was tolling,
I saw in the deep of dark green the bell house standing.
(刑全臣 译)
诗歌描写了诗人春夜山中赏月的乐趣,全诗风格淡雅,写景状物极富神韵。尤其是“掬水月在手,弄花香满衣”两句,意境鲜明,展现了物我交融的别致体验,被选中作为片名的“掬水月在手”一句传达出的意境与美感与整部影片的古典气质可谓不谋而合。叶先生本人也认为片名蕴含古典诗歌的美感,并给出了自己的理解——水里月亮的倒影是一个影子,而不是真实的月亮,正如影片不是真实的自己,而是自己经历的反映。
相比于中文片名,影片英文名Like the Dyer's Hand(如染匠之手)似乎较为直白,却也不失韵味。“Like the Dyer's hand”出自《莎士比亚十四行诗》第111首(Sonnet 111):
Sonnet 111
O, for my sake do you with fortune chide,
请你为我去谴责命运吧。唉,
The guilty goddess of my harmful deeds,
这让我干有害事业的罪恶女神!
That did not better for my life provide,
除公共风习养育的公共方式外,
Than public means which public manners breeds.
她不让我的生活有更好的前程。
Thence comes it that my name receives a brand,
因此我名字只得把烙印承受,
And almost thence my nature is subdu’d
我的天性也大体屈服于我所
To what it works in, like the dyer’s hand:
从事的职业了,好像染师的手:
Pity me then and wish I were renew’d;
那么,你该可怜我,巴望我复活;
Whilst, like a willing patient, I will drink
而我像病人,心甘情愿地吞服
Potions of eysell, ‘gainst my strong infection;
醋药来驱除我身上严重的疾病;
No bitterness that I will bitter think,
任何苦药我都不觉得它苦,
Nor double penance, to correct correction.
赎罪再赎罪,不当作两度苦行。
Pity me then, dear friend, and I assure ye
可怜我吧,爱友,我向你担保,
Even that your pity is enough to cure me.
你对我怜悯就足够把我医好。
(屠岸 译)
在诗中,诗人谴责了命运,因为它使诗人在舞台上谋生,这种职业在当时并不受人尊重,诗人的天性因此受到压抑。通过“Like the dyer's hand”的比喻,诗人将从事舞台职业比作染匠的手被染料所沾染,形象地展示了自己与舞台职业的深刻联系,以及该联系带给诗人的苦恼和痛苦。影片选取“Like the dyer's hand”作为英文片名,无疑承袭了莎翁原比喻的精妙寓意——一个人一辈子做一件事,这件事就会像染料一样深入肌理,难解难分。但不同于莎翁在原诗中持有的消极态度,“Like the dyer's hand”借助生动形象的比喻诠释了叶嘉莹先生一生与诗歌融为一体的境界。
王国维在《人间词话》里说道:“天以百凶成就一词人。”叶嘉莹迄今将近百年、忧患不断却成就斐然的一生,正是这句话的注解。刘秉松曾说是古诗词救了她,她的苦痛都被诗词溶解了。
I indeed experienced suffering. Wang Guowei said one thing in his Renjian cihua, 'Heaven uses a hundred misfortunes to fashion one Ci writer'. I think you must have experienced the tribulations before you could understand the poems thoroughly.
——Like the dyer's hand
她曾经深情地说过,“‘老去余年更几多’,我还不知道能活几年,也许旦夕之间的事情 ,所以‘剩将余世付吟哦’,我就教大家吟诗,我觉得这个要把它传下去。‘遥天如有蓝鲸在’,蓝鲸可以隔洋传语,我留下的这一点海上的遗音,也许将来有一个人,会听到,会感动,现在的人都不接受也没关系。”
叶先生或以“蓝鲸之遗音”喻中华诗词及吟诵:“明月下,夜潮迟,微波迢递送微辞。遗音沧海如能会,便是千秋共此时。”
I think I need to pass it down, so I decided to teach people how to recite poetry. Perhaps one day someone will hear and be moved by the voice of the ocean I leave behind. It's OK that people now don't accept it.
Under the silver moon in the evening tide,
gentle waves carry afar the whispering sighs.
Should one hearing the voice lingering in the deep blue seas.
Then this hour the twain shall meet across thousand years.
——Like the dyer's hand
《人民日报》评论叶先生:“为中国诗词之美吟哦至今,更活成了人们心中的诗。九十载光阴弹指过,未应磨染是初心。诗词养性,先生风骨为明证。”在这个浮躁而忙碌的时代,或许很难,但我们都不应该放弃追求“掬水月在手”一般澄澈的心境,也不该停止追求叶嘉莹前辈身上深刻如染匠之手的“择一事,终一生”的初心与热爱。