菜豆MIR1511基因型变异差异调控植物对铝毒的耐受性
普通豆（菜豆）是一种广泛食用的豆类，起源于中美洲，并扩展到了南美，从而导致了两个地理上不同的基因库的发展。 恶劣的土壤条件（包括金属毒性）通常是限制普通豆类作物生产的因素。 某些菜豆miRNA，包括miR1511，对金属毒性有反应。 来自两个菜豆模型测序基因型的MIR1511基因序列显示，与BAT93相反，G19833（安第斯）登录号显示58 bp缺失，包括成熟和星形miR1511序列。 通过对87个非混合菜豆基因型进行基因分型和测序数据分析，这些基因型包含不同菜豆物种和菜豆种群，揭示了所有的菜豆安第斯基因型和部分中美洲（MW1）基因型显示了截短的MIR1511基因。 具有完整的MIR1511和截短的MIR1511的基因型的地理起源显示出明显的分布。 已知对几种植物中铝的解毒很重要的ALS3（铝敏感蛋白3）基因已通过实验验证为miR1511靶标。
在铝毒性（AlT）下，来自BAT93植物的根在早期显示出miR1511降低和ALS3转录水平升高，而缺少成熟miR1511的G19833植物显示出更高和更早的ALS3反应。 根结构分析表明，G19833植物对AlT的耐受性更高。 但是，miR1511过表达显示出较低的ALS3转录水平和对AlT的敏感性增加。 在安第斯基因型中缺少miR1511，导致ALS3转录物降解减少，这似乎是干旱条件下土壤中高铝含量的进化优势。
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), a widely consumed legume, originated in Mesoamerica and expanded to South America, resulting in the development of two geographically distinct gene pools. Poor soil condition, including metal toxicity, are often constraints to common‐bean crop production. Several P. vulgaris miRNAs, including miR1511, respond to metal toxicity. The MIR1511 gene sequence from the two P. vulgaris model sequenced genotypes revealed that, as opposed to BAT93 (Mesoamerican), the G19833 (Andean) accession displays a 58‐bp deletion, comprising the mature and star miR1511 sequences. Genotyping‐By‐Sequencing data analysis from 87 non‐admixed Phaseolus genotypes, comprising different Phaseolus species and P. vulgaris populations, revealed that all the P. vulgaris Andean genotypes and part of the Mesoamerican (MW1) genotypes analyzed displayed a truncated MIR1511 gene. The geographic origin of genotypes with a complete vs. truncated MIR1511 showed a distinct distribution. The P. vulgaris ALS3 (Aluminum Sensitive Protein 3) gene, known to be important for aluminum detoxification in several plants, was experimentally validated as the miR1511 target. Roots from BAT93 plants showed decreased miR1511 and increased ALS3 transcript levels at early stages under aluminum toxicity (AlT), while G19833 plants, lacking mature miR1511, showed higher and earlier ALS3 response. Root architecture analyses evidenced higher tolerance of G19833 plants to AlT. However, G19833 plants engineered for miR1511 overexpression showed lower ALS3 transcript level and increased sensitivity to AlT. Absence of miR1511 in Andean genotypes, resulting in a diminished ALS3 transcript degradation, appears to be an evolutionary advantage to high Al levels in soils with increased drought condition.
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