在英语中,基本颜色词汇往往因其所表示的色彩而具有特殊的象征意义,比如黑色 black 因其所代表的颜色表示昏暗无光,故常用于贬义,与一些不好的事物联系在一起,如 black sheep 或 black economy 等。
若把 black sheep 理解为“黑色的绵羊”还情有可原,但是 black economy 不要理解为“黑色的经济”。
1. black sheep 意为“害群之马”,例如:
He's the black sheep of the family.
他是家里的害群之马。
I have always been the black sheep of my family. Everyone else has responsible jobs while I have chosen to be an artist.我一直是我家的害群之马。其他人都有负责任的工作,而我选择了成为一名艺术家。2. black economy 意为“黑市经营,地下经济活动”,例如:An increase in the national minimum wage could damage many businesses and boost the black economy.提高国家最低工资标准可能会损害许多企业,增加黑市经济。It is impossible to quantify the exact value of the black economy.
在中国人眼中,蓝色基本上是一种令人心情愉快的色彩。而英语中的蓝色 blue 基本上是一种消极的价值取向,含有“忧郁、暗淡、沮丧”的消沉心情,如 blue-collar 和 blue-sky 等等,例如:1. blue-collar 意为“从事体力劳动的,蓝领的”,例如:He is rapidly losing the support of blue-collar voters and middle-class conservatives.He predicts that blue-collar jobs will have shrunk to less than 2 percent of total employment.2. blue-sky 意为“新颖而未可行的,不能付诸实行的”,例如:What we need at the moment is specialist knowledge and implementation rather than blue-sky thinking.The government has been doing some blue-sky thinking on how to improve school standards.就如何提高学校的水平,政府仍然在作一些漫无边际的构想。
那么 feel blue 就不是“感到蓝色”的意思,而是感到忧郁的或悲伤的,其中 blue 是形容词,相当于depressed,用于非正式场合,例如:You look like you feel blue. What's wrong?There's no earthly reason for me to feel so blue.I have been feeling blue lately, but I think it's just because of this gloomy weather.我最近一直很沮丧,但我想这只是一直以来的阴沉天气造成的。It is clear why he is feeling blue now that his son has walked out on the family business.很明显,为什么他现在感到沮丧,因为他的儿子已经退出了家族企业。
Feel blue 相当于 have the blues,其中 the blues 只作复数形式,意为“忧郁,悲伤,沮丧”,如 the Monday morning blues,意为“星期一早晨的郁闷情绪”,baby blues 意为“产后抑郁”等,那么 have the blues 就是“感到忧郁”等意思,例如:在我的家用汽车状况如此糟糕之后,我郁闷了好几个月。According to this article, as many as 60 percent of women suffer from the baby blues.当你察觉颜色词汇有特殊的含义之时,你会发现你的阅读多了很多色彩。