巧如范金,精比琢玉——耀州瓷
耀州瓷是耀州窑产品的统称。耀州窑遗址位于今陕西省铜川市黄堡镇南侧及陈炉镇一带,因宋代属耀州府管辖,故称耀州窑。
耀州窑唐代创烧,五代发展,北宋鼎盛,金元续烧,元末明初之后,其中心窑场从黄堡镇逐渐东移至陈炉镇及其周边地区,历明、清、民国至今,窑火延绵不息,连续烧制陶瓷的历史长达1300多年,为黄堡镇古“十里窑场”及陈炉镇一带留下了及其丰富而珍贵的陶瓷文化遗产。
耀州瓷种类繁多,装饰题材丰富。有绚丽斑斓的唐三彩,有薄如纸、明如镜、青如天、声如磬的五代天青瓷,有刻画犀利、纹饰洒脱的宋代刻花青瓷和印花青瓷,有光洁莹润、如冰似玉的金代月白釉瓷,有粗犷豪放的元代白釉黑花瓷和黑釉剔花瓷,以及茶叶末釉瓷、酱釉瓷、青花瓷等,产品多达数十种,其中以刻花青瓷、印花青瓷和黑釉剔花瓷最富特色、最具代表性。
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褐釉高足弦彩盖罐(唐)
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唐三彩马(唐)
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唐三彩院落(唐)
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黑釉贴花龙流壶(唐)
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黑釉塔式盖罐(唐)
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白釉双系瓶(唐)
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左手边的是茶叶末釉执壶,
中间的是双耳油瓶,
右手边的是茶叶末釉钵。(唐)
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茶叶末釉瓜棱执壶(唐)
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素胎黑花碗(唐)
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茶叶末釉双耳罐(唐)
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黄釉葵口碗和素胎黑花灯(唐)
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青釉葫芦式执壶(唐)
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白釉绿彩灯(唐)
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青釉葵口碗(五代)
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青釉瓜棱带盖执壶(五代)
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左手边,是青釉划花碗,右手边,是青釉划花套盒。远处的名称遗漏了。(五代)
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青釉剔花牡丹纹执壶(五代)
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青釉划花鱼纹四系瓶(五代)
北宋陶瓷制造工艺日臻完善,青瓷烧造技术达到了炉火纯青的境界。刻花青瓷线条犀利流畅,居宋代之冠,印花青瓷布局规整,纹饰丰富,在宋瓷中独树一帜。其产品“巧如范金,精比琢玉”,不仅畅销全国,远销海外,而且上贡皇室。(介绍抄自展览厅)
下面这些都是宋代的耀州瓷
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青釉六折葵口碗
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青釉分格碗
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青釉碗
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青釉莲口香薰
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青釉钵
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青釉镂孔器盖
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从左手边到右手边,分别是:青釉划花折枝牡丹纹盘,青釉划花牡丹纹盖钵,青釉划花柳斗纹杯
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青釉划花牡丹纹盖钵
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青釉刻花缠枝牡丹纹碗
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青釉刻花缠枝菊纹器盖
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青釉剔花香炉
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青釉刻花牡丹纹盒
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青釉镂孔复层式熏炉
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青釉刻花水波三鱼纹碗
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青釉镂孔复层式五足炉
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青釉镂孔龙纹复层式熏炉
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青釉内外刻花纹大碗
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青釉刻花水波莲纹碗
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青釉刻花荷口尊
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青釉刻花牡丹纹执壶
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青釉刻花缠枝菊纹唾盂
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青釉印花团菊纹碗
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青釉印花缠枝菊纹盏
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青釉印花缠枝牡丹纹碗
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青釉印花牡丹纹碗
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青釉印花牡丹纹碗
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青釉印花莲纹八角盘
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青釉印花分格牡丹纹盘
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青釉印花缠枝牡丹纹洗
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黑釉兔毫斑纹盏
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同上,俯拍
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黑釉酱斑纹碗
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同上,俯拍
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酱釉花口碗
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酱釉小碟
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月白釉小碗
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月白釉执壶
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月白釉直蝮钵
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月白釉鋬耳洗(鋬音“盼”,器物上的提梁)
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青釉荷叶式盖钵
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青釉盖钵
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青釉刻花卧鹿纹碗
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青釉牡丹纹盘
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青釉刻花三足炉
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青釉刻花钱纹碗
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青釉刻花牡丹纹瓶
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青釉狮形座灯盏
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青釉刻花牡丹纹盖盒
元代耀州瓷釉色普遍姜黄,装饰日趋简单,产品销售对象面对民间。
以下为元代作品。
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青釉刻花玉壶春瓶
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青釉葫芦式壶
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黑釉碗
明代耀州窑工匠借鉴吸收了磁州窑制瓷工艺,烧制出具有自身特点的白釉黑花瓷,并对清代晚期陈炉耀州窑彩瓷装饰工艺产生了深远的影响。
以下为明代作品
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黑釉双耳三足炉
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黑釉蓖纹碗
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黑釉盘口单柄壶
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白底黑花婴戏牡丹纹瓶
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从左手边开始,分别是白底黑花花卉纹罐,白底黑花花卉纹碗,白底黑花高足杯
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白底黑花玉壶春瓶
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白底黑花菊纹大碗
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白底黑花鱼衔水草纹盘
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白底黑花老虎纹盘
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白釉黑箍碗
以下为清代作品
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黑釉鸡娃形灯
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黑釉印花杂宝纹穿带扁壶
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白地赭花鱼纹盘
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白地赭花花鸟纹瓶
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白地赭花菊纹塔形盒
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香黄釉戳印纹三足炉
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香黄釉青花黑彩汤盆
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现代仿制品