founder在这里是什么意思?
昨天翻了翻一本经典的问题解决类的书 Are Your Lights On? (你的灯亮着吗?)这本书写的风趣幽默,读来受益匪浅。
在第一章中有这样一句话:
高亮的这个句子你可能是这样断句的:
Not every problem-solving group founders / on lack of attention to definition.
你的反应可能是“没读懂”,“这个句子不是缺少谓语动词吗?”
这本书的一个中译文版本是这样翻译的:
译者翻译错了。
founder在这里并不是“奠基人”的意思,而是作为动词,表示“失败、崩溃”。这个词是不及物动词,后面长接介词on。这句话的断句应该是:
Not every problem-solving group founders on lack of attention to definition.
如果你的词汇量还可以的话,你可能会从founder这个词想到一个和它长得有点像的词flounder。
founder和flounder这两个词对native speaker来说,常常傻傻分不清楚。在美国人也会搞错的几个词中, 我就提到过founder和flounder这两个词的辨析。
What you think they mean: The same thing.
What they actually mean: To flounder is to be clumsy and indecisive, flopping around like a fish out of water; to founder is to fill up with water and sink, or figuratively, to fail.
简单来说:两者的比喻义都有失败的意思。但是略有不同:
Flounder可以认为是"founder(失败)" 和"blunder(笨拙的做事)"的合体。相比来说,flounder强调的是“还在挣扎,没有彻底完蛋” flounder指的是像是“无水之鱼🐟”一样,左右为难,无法前行,费力的去尝试、挣扎,怎么做都是错。
例如我们可以说, "I find myself floundering as people have difficulties understanding my English." 想象一下说英文的时候,大脑变的空白,语法单词全都忘了的感觉。
Founder: 是to sink, 沉落。因此比喻义来说就是collapse and fail comepeletly: 彻底完蛋了。
1) 例如:Xinhua, in an English-language commentary, said China could not stand by while its largest trading partner foundered.
2) After hitting an iceberg,the Titanic began to founder.
Vocabulary.com上就有对这两个词辨析,大家可以多加利用这个网站来查词,学词,它幽默风趣的讲解方式本身就可以帮助我们记忆。它对这两个词的辨析结语是这样的:
Flounder and founder are happy little nouns that don't get mixed up. But it all falls apart when they're verbs — if you're floundering, you're struggling. If you're foundering, you're failing completely. You're sunk! You can't even hold onto the letter l.
最后把 Are Your Lights On? 中的一句话提醒和大家分享一下,愿我们成为能够发现问题同时也能解决问题的人。