糖和甜味剂如何影响总能量摄入、血糖和胰岛素
年轻人保持体重和血糖需要喝什么饮料？应该喝含糖饮料还是喝无卡路里添加天然或人工非营养甜味剂的饮料？
2016年12月13日，英国《自然》旗下《国际肥胖杂志》在线发表新加坡科技研究局临床科学研究所、新加坡国立大学杨潞龄医学院的研究报告，发现什么样的饮料并不是真正的问题，身体如何反映最终总能量摄入和血液中葡萄糖和胰岛素水平才是关键因素。
由于天然植物衍生产品的日益普及，为了调查天然非营养甜味剂是否比糖或人造非营养甜味剂更健康，30位健康男性参与该短期随机交叉研究，在不同日期随机摄入四种不同甜味饮料中的一种：一种含有糖（蔗糖），另一种是人造非营养甜味剂天冬苯丙二肽酯（阿斯巴甜），另外两种是由植物甜叶菊或僧侣果（制成的天然非营养甜味剂。然后测量血糖和胰岛素浓度。
结果发现，所有四种饮料带来的总能量摄入无显著差异（P=0.831），这意味着参与者在一天的过程中消耗相同量的能量（卡路里）。用非营养甜味剂替代糖所节省的能量被完全补偿，对餐后三小时内葡萄糖（P=0.960）和胰岛素（P=0.216）曲线下总面积的影响无显著差异。
然而，最近对长期研究的综合荟萃分析显示，当长期消耗非营养甜味剂时，总能量摄入量持续减少，并减少体重。
Int J Obes (Lond). 2016 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print]
Effects of aspartame-, monk fruit-, Stevia-, and sucrose-sweetened beverages on postprandial glucose, insulin and energy intake.
Tey SL, Salleh NB, Henry J, Forde CG.
Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
BACKGROUND: Substituting sweeteners with non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) may aid in glycaemic control and body weight management. Limited studies have investigated energy compensation, glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to artificial and natural NNS.ObjectivesThis study compared the effects of consuming NNS (artificial vs. natural) and sucrose (65 g) on energy intake, blood glucose and insulin responses.
METHODS: Thirty healthy males took part in this randomised, crossover study with four treatments: aspartame-, monk fruit-, Stevia-, and sucrose-sweetened beverages. On each test day, participants were asked to consume a standardised breakfast in the morning and they were provided with test beverage as a preload in mid-morning and ad libitum lunch was provided an hour after test beverage consumption. Blood glucose and insulin concentrations were measured every 15 min within the first hour of preload consumption and every 30 min for the subsequent two hours. Participants left the study site three hours after preload consumption and completed a food diary for the rest of the day.
RESULTS: Ad libitum lunch intake was significantly higher for the NNS treatments compared to sucrose (P=0.010). The energy "saved" from replacing sucrose with NNS was fully compensated for at subsequent meals, hence no difference in total daily energy intake was found between the treatments (P=0.831). The sucrose-sweetened beverage led to large spikes in blood glucose and insulin responses within the first hour whereas these responses were higher for all three NNS beverages following the test lunch. Thus, there were no differences in total area under the curve (AUC) for glucose (P=0.960) and insulin (P=0.216) over three hours between the four test beverages.
CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of calorie free beverages sweetened with artificial and natural NNS have minimal influences on total daily energy intake, postprandial glucose and insulin compared to a sucrose-sweetened beverage.
PMID: 27956737
DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.225
