非真实条件句的时态处理技巧

要求：使用下面的公式创造非真实条件句。

1.(If) simple past/were + (Main) would, etc +inf

2.(If) were to+ inf+ (Main) would, etc +inf

习题：

1. If I ____ (earn) a good salary, I wouldn’t think of changing my job.

2. I wouldn’t buy the picture even if I ____ (afford) it.

3. If I____ (use) a typewriter, I would save a lot of time.

标准答案：were earning; could afford; could use

请教老师，第1题为何不直接用earned? 第2题和第3题的could 表示 “能力”？谢谢老师。

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最佳答案 2018-09-08 17:14

1. If I ____ (earn) a good salary, I wouldn’t think of changing my job.

2. I wouldn’t buy the picture even if I ____ (afford) it.

3. If I____ (use) a typewriter, I would save a lot of time.

首先，此类习题的参考答案并不是唯一的。

对于非真实条件句的动词形式原则，可以对比陈述语气表示的事实。我写出以上三句所对应的用陈述语气表示的事实：

1 I don't earn/am not earning a good salary, so I'm thinking of changing my job.

一般现在时don't earn表示过去、现在、将来都挣钱不多。那么换工作会挣钱多吗？

现在进行时am not earning表示临时、暂时情况，换个工作可能挣钱更多。

因此，用进行体应该更符合逻辑。所以，非真实条件为If I were earning...

2 I will not buy the picture because I can't affort it.

afford通常用于否定句，并与情态动词can, could连用，表示能力。故if从句要用could.

3 I don't/won't/can't use a typewriter, so I will waste a lot of time.

由原句主句动词形式可知，本句说的是将来的情况。在一般现在时don't, 情态动词will和can的否定形式之间，只有can表示能力最为符合逻辑。故if从句用could.