生死未卜——乌尔米湖
Iran's Lake Urmia was once the second-largest saltwater lake in the world, covering more than 2,000 square miles at its deepest in the 1990s.
在1990年代，伊朗的乌尔米湖曾经是世界上第二大的咸水湖，最深时面积达到2000平方英里。
In the past two decades, the lake has dried out, shrinking at times to less than 20% of its average size.
在过去二十年中，湖泊逐渐干涸，有时候甚至缩减到了平均大小的20%。
It's not a story of climate change, though that certainly contributed.
尽管有一定的作用，但这并不是气候变化引起的。
It's a case of water mismanagement.
这是水质管理不善造成的。
Scientists call it a "contemporary environmental catastrophe" and a "tragic wake-up call" to rethink how the resource is managed in water-scarce countries.
科学家把它叫做“当代的环境灾难”以及“悲剧的警钟”，让人们去反思那些缺水国家的水资源管理方式。
Researchers blame water overuse and inefficiency in agriculture, new dams and irrigation projects, a bridge cutting across the lake, declining rainfall and rising temperatures for much of the drying out.
研究员们认为干涸的问题主要在于农业对水的过度和低效使用，新的大坝和灌溉系统的修建，横跨湖泊的桥梁，降水的减少以及气温的上升。
"For me this is a really important topic: the environmental problems in the world," says photographer Maximilian Mann, who traveled to Iran three times to document the bare land once obscured under saltwater.
“对我来说这是个很重要的问题，即世界上的环保问题，”摄影师马克西米连·曼说道，他曾三次到伊朗去拍摄记录曾经位于水位之下的地面。
"I was really surprised about the size of the lake and how fast the lake is dying," he says.
“对于如今湖泊的大小以及缩减的速度，我真的感到很惊讶，”他说道。
"It was really a shock for me to see it. When I was there the first time, I can remember: I went to a hill and I saw only desert."
“看到它令我感到震惊。我第一次去的时候，我还记得：我去了一座山，只看到沙漠。”
Mann, who lives in Germany, traveled to Iran first in September 2018, then in November and again in January this year.
曼先生住在德国，2018年9月第一次去了伊朗，后来11月以及今年1月又去了两次。
His photos are collected from all three trips.
他的照片就来自这三次旅程。
"I think trust is really important," he says.
“我觉得信任尤为重要，”他说。
He built up trust with people in the photos over time, sometimes meeting the same people multiple times.
随着时间的推移他跟照片中的人建立起来信任，有时候会好几次遇到同一批人。
"I made really nice friends there," Mann says.
“我在这里交到了很好的朋友，”曼先生说道。
”He has no immediate plans to return to Iran, but says he would like to see the people he met again someday.
“他目前不会马上回到伊朗，但他说将来会回去看望那里的人们。”
In his experience, Mann says, it was easier to find men who were willing to be photographed because many of the women in rural areas near Lake Urmia "are more conservative than in cities and don't like being photographed by men."
说到感受时，曼先生说，找到愿意拍照的男士更容易，因为很多乌尔米湖农村地区的妇女比城市里更保守，不愿意被男人拍照。
Lake researchers and advocates say there have been encouraging signs in the past few years.
湖泊的研究员和保护者说过去几年里也有一些好转的迹象。
After a visit in February 2017, representatives from the United Nations said three factors were contributing to Lake Urmia's resurgence: engineering to unblock and desilt feeder rivers, the release of water from dams in surrounding hills, and efforts to encourage farmers to use new, water-saving methods.
在2017年2月的一次参观之后，来自美国的代表称有三个因素导致了乌尔米湖的复苏：有一些工程对湖泊的注入河流进行了疏导清淤，山周围大坝的放水，以及鼓励农民们用新的节水的方式去耕种。
This past spring, massive flooding in Iran helped the lake regain water level as well.
在今年春季，伊朗的大洪水也帮助湖泊水位重新上升了。
Mann's photos were taken before that flooding.
曼先生的照片是在洪水之前拍摄的。
"The floods certainly helped and increased the water levels," says Amir AghaKouchak, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of California, Irvine who has studied the lake.
“这次洪水肯定有助于水位的上升，”埃尔文市加州大学市政环境工程的一名研究过这个湖泊的教授说道。
"However, one or a series of floods won't have a long-term impact. ”
“不过，一系列的洪水也不能带来长期的改变。”
“The main issue in the basin is that the water demand is much higher than the renewable water in the basin. ... If the water demand in the basin is not managed, after a while the lake will continue to dry out."
“这个湖的主要问题在于对水的需求量远高于盆地中水的补给量。如果不好好管理湖中的水供应，很快湖泊还是会继续干涸的。”
问题
以下哪些关于乌尔米湖的说法是正确的？
A.淡水湖
B.曾是世界第二大
C.位于盆地
留言回复正确选项，前十名朋友可以获得红包奖励哦，赶快来试试吧！