雌雄都更长寿？
From elephants to lions and orcas to seals, most female mammals outlive males -- just like their human counterparts, new research suggests.
新研究表明，从大象到狮子，从虎鲸到海豹，大多数雌性哺乳动物都比雄性寿命长——就像人类一样。
Researchers looked at 101 species of wild mammals living in 134 different locations and found that females lived longer than males in 60% of cases, What was particularly surprising to the researchers was just how much longer they lived -- on average they had an 18.6% longer life span.
研究人员观察了生活在134个不同地方的101种野生哺乳动物，发现60%的情况下雌性的寿命比雄性更长，尤其让研究人员感到惊讶的是，这些哺乳动物的平均寿命比雄性长18.6%。
By contrast, in humans, females live 7.8% longer than males, according to the study, which published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy Of Sciences.
相比之下，根据周一发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》杂志上的研究，女性的寿命要比男性长7.8%。
While there were quite a few mammals where the males of the species lived longer -- such as horses and some species of bat and rabbit -- the magnitude was much lower, said Jean-François Lemaître, a researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research and an author of the study.
虽然有相当多的哺乳动物的雄性物种寿命更长—比如马和某些种类的蝙蝠和兔子—量级要低得多,让-弗朗西斯科·勒梅特说,他是法国国家科学研究中心研究员,该研究的作者之一。
Lemaître said the study was the widest reaching on the topic to date, although he said they were unable to include many species of small rodents.
勒梅特说，这项研究是迄今为止涉及范围最广的，尽管他说他们还不能包括许多种小型啮齿动物。
That's because there isn't much data on those animals in the wild.
这是因为没有太多关于野生动物的数据。
When it comes to the reasons why there is a longevity gap between sexes, he said there were a number of theories.
当谈到男女寿命差距的原因时，他说有很多理论。
Lemaître said that the findings of his study suggested that the differences in male and female longevity were shaped by an animal's environment and reproductive roles.
勒梅特说，他的研究结果表明，男性和女性寿命的差异是由动物的环境和繁殖角色决定的。
"We do not find any consistent sex differences in aging rates. "
“在老化速率方面我们没有发现存在性别 相关的一致性规律。”
“In addition, sex differences in median adult lifespan and aging rates are both highly variable across species," the study said.
研究称:“此外，不同物种中，成年个体的平均寿命和衰老速度的性别差异都很大。”
Lemaître said that males in some species grow bigger and have traits like large antlers and that this may have "physiological costs" and affect how they react to environmental factors like pathogens -- increasing the differences in lifespans between males and females.
勒梅特说，有些物种的雄性长得更大，有像大鹿角这样的特征，这可能会产生“生理代价”，影响它们对病原体等环境因素的反应——增加了雄性和雌性寿命的差异。
"The substantial allocation of resources in males toward the growth and maintenance of secondary sexual traits might, everything else being equal, make males more vulnerable than females to harsh environmental conditions," the study said.
该研究称:“在其他条件相同的情况下，男性将大量资源用于第二性征的发育和维持，这可能会使男性比女性更容易受到恶劣环境的影响。”
Elephant seals are one of the species in which females outlive males.
象海豹是一种雌性比雄性寿命长的动物。
Another theory is that having two copies of the same sex chromosome offers a protective effect.
另一种理论认为，拥有两个相同性别的染色体具有一定的保护作用。
In mammals, females have two X chromosomes while males only have one.
在哺乳动物中，雌性有两条X染色体，而雄性只有一条。
In bird species, where males often outlive females, this is reversed.
在鸟类中，雄性通常比雌性活得长，这是相反的。
Similarly, others have theorized something called "the mother's curse hypothesis."
同样，其他人也提出了“母亲诅咒假说”。
That's the possibility that mothers may transmit genes to their children that harm their sons but not their daughters.
这是一种可能性，即母亲可能会将基因传给孩子，而这只会伤害他们的儿子，而不会伤害他们的女儿。
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问题
文中提到以下哪种动物中雄性比雌雄更长寿？
A.鱼类
B.鸟类
C.象海豹
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