设计模式-责任链设计模式 / 四六文摘

责任链设计模式，是行为型设计模式的巅峰之作。

现在有一个场景，请假申请。请假时间的长短，需要不同级别的领导才能审批。

万物皆对象嘛，请假需要工号、姓名、原因、时长、结果等等，那我们来定义一个请假的类。其实其就是一个上下文环境（Context），保存业务处理中参数-----中间结果-----最终结果。行为型设计模式重用的标配，把行为转移。

public class ApplyContext
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 请假时长
    /// </summary>
    public int Hour { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public bool AuditResult { get; set; }
    public string AuditRemark { get; set; }
}

请假需要new一个实例：

ApplyContext context = new ApplyContext()
 {
     Id = 506,
     Name = "bingle",
     Hour = 100,
     Description = "世界那么大，我想去看看！",
     AuditResult = false,
     AuditRemark = ""
 };

第一种方式，审批逻辑都写在上端，直接就是需求翻译，没有任何加工，谈不上什么扩展，面向过程：

if (context.Hour <= 8)
 {
     Console.WriteLine("PM审批通过");
 }
 else if (context.Hour <= 16)
 {
     Console.WriteLine("主管审批通过");
 }
 else
 {
     Console.WriteLine("************");
 }

第二种方式，面向对象：封装--继承--多态，转移业务逻辑，也只是一个翻译机，翻译完+面向对象，其实完全没有涉及加工没有思考。

领导类S：

public class PM
 {
     public override void Audit(ApplyContext context)
     {
         Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} {this.Name} Audit");
         if (context.Hour <= 8)
         {
             context.AuditResult = true;
             context.AuditRemark = "允许请假！";
         }
     }
}

 public class Charge
 {
     public override void Audit(ApplyContext context)
     {
         Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} {this.Name} Audit");
         if (context.Hour <= 16)
         {
             context.AuditResult = true;
             context.AuditRemark = "允许请假！";
         }
    }
}

 public class Manager
 {
     public override void Audit(ApplyContext context)
     {
         Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} {this.Name} Audit");
         if (context.Hour <= 24)
         {
             context.AuditResult = true;
             context.AuditRemark = "允许请假！";
         }
    }
}

 public class Chief
 {
     public override void Audit(ApplyContext context)
     {
         Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} {this.Name} Audit");
         if (context.Hour <= 48)
         {
             context.AuditResult = true;
             context.AuditRemark = "允许请假！";
         }
    }
}

 public class CEO : AbstractAuditor
 {
     public override void Audit(ApplyContext context)
     {
         Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} {this.Name} Audit");
         if (context.Hour <= 96)
         {
             context.AuditResult = true;
             context.AuditRemark = "允许请假！";
         }
    }
}

public class ChiarMan : AbstractAuditor
{
    public override void Audit(ApplyContext context)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} {this.Name} Audit");
        if (context.Hour <= 1000000)
        {
            context.AuditResult = true;
            context.AuditRemark = "允许请假！";
        }
    }
}

View Code

下面进行逻辑的翻译：

AbstractAuditor pm = new PM()
 {
     Name = "bingle1"
 };
 pm.Audit(context);
 if (!context.AuditResult)
 {
     AbstractAuditor charge = new Charge()
     {
         Name = "bingle2"
     };
     charge.Audit(context);
     if (!context.AuditResult)
     {
         AbstractAuditor manager = new Manager()
         {
             Name = "bingle3"
         };
         manager.Audit(context);
         if (!context.AuditResult)
         {
             //找下一环节
         }
     }
 }

不要直接翻译的逻辑，需要涉及，现在的场景分析是，1、权限范围内，审批通过；2、权限范围外，交给下一环节审批，写的代码又多了一个，指定洗衣环节，甩锅大法开始。

首先定义一个抽象父类：

public abstract class AbstractAuditor
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public abstract void Audit(ApplyContext context);

    private AbstractAuditor _NextAuditor = null;
    public void SetNext(AbstractAuditor auditor)
    {
        this._NextAuditor = auditor;
    }
    protected void AuditNext(ApplyContext context)
    {
        if (this._NextAuditor != null)
        {
            this._NextAuditor.Audit(context);
        }
        else
        {
            context.AuditResult = false;
            context.AuditRemark = "不允许请假！";
        }
    }
}

领导类需要继承这个抽象类：

public class PM : AbstractAuditor
 {
     public override void Audit(ApplyContext context)
     {
         Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} {this.Name} Audit");
         if (context.Hour <= 8)
         {
             context.AuditResult = true;
             context.AuditRemark = "允许请假！";
         }
         else
         {
             AbstractAuditor charge = new Charge()
             {
                 Name = "象扑君"
             };
             charge.Audit(context);
         }
     }
 }

其他的领导类以此类推.....

调用的时候，只需要找最低权限的人，去审批

AbstractAuditor pm = new PM()
{
    Name = "bingle"
};
pm.Audit(context);

以上，转移了申请提交的逻辑，这次符合实际情况，有了自己的思考和设计在里面。

甩锅大法开始了，一样，领导类需要实现抽象父类，不过在Audit方法中稍作了改动

public class PM : AbstractAuditor
 {
     public override void Audit(ApplyContext context)
     {
         Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} {this.Name} Audit");
         if (context.Hour <= 8)
         {
             context.AuditResult = true;
             context.AuditRemark = "允许请假！";
         }
         else
         {
             base.AuditNext(context);
         }
     }
 }

 public class Manager : AbstractAuditor
 {
     public override void Audit(ApplyContext context)
     {
         Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} {this.Name} Audit");
         if (context.Hour <= 24)
         {
             context.AuditResult = true;
             context.AuditRemark = "允许请假！";
         }
         else
         {
             base.AuditNext(context);
         }
     }
 }

public class Chief : AbstractAuditor
{
    public override void Audit(ApplyContext context)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} {this.Name} Audit");
        if (context.Hour <= 48)
        {
            context.AuditResult = true;
            context.AuditRemark = "允许请假！";
        }
        else
        {
            base.AuditNext(context);
        }
    }
}

public class ChiarMan : AbstractAuditor
{
    public override void Audit(ApplyContext context)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} {this.Name} Audit");
        if (context.Hour <= 1000000)
        {
            context.AuditResult = true;
            context.AuditRemark = "允许请假！";
        }
        else
        {
            base.AuditNext(context);
        }
    }
}

 public class Charge: AbstractAuditor
 {
     public override void Audit(ApplyContext context)
     {
         Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} {this.Name} Audit");
         if (context.Hour <= 16)
         {
             context.AuditResult = true;
             context.AuditRemark = "允许请假！";
         }
         else
         {
             base.AuditNext(context);
         }
     }
 }

 public class CEO : AbstractAuditor
 {
     public override void Audit(ApplyContext context)
     {
         Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} {this.Name} Audit");
         if (context.Hour <= 96)
         {
             context.AuditResult = true;
             context.AuditRemark = "允许请假！";
         }
         else
         {
             base.AuditNext(context);
         }
     }
 }

View Code

下面需要找领导审批了：

AbstractAuditor pm = new PM()
{
    Name = "bingle1"
};
AbstractAuditor charge = new Charge()
{
    Name = "bingle1"
};
AbstractAuditor manager = new Manager()
{
    Name = "bingle1"
};
AbstractAuditor chief = new Chief()
{
    Name = "bingle1"
};
AbstractAuditor ceo = new CEO()
{
    Name = "bingle1"
};

//pm.SetNext(charge);
//charge.SetNext(manager);
pm.SetNext(manager);
manager.SetNext(chief);
chief.SetNext(ceo);
ceo.SetNext(new ChiarMan()
{
    Name = "bingle1"
});
//流程的可扩展

pm.Audit(context);

 if (!context.AuditResult)
 {
     Console.WriteLine("不干了！");
 }

以上，把流畅环节逻辑从业务类转移了。

设计模式-责任链设计模式

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