2021中考英语专项复习专题二：代词

近几年中考对人称代词、物主代词与反身代词的考查形式主要包括辨人称和形式转换，在完形填空中考查人称辨析，在词形转换中考查这3类代词之间的相互转换。考生在复习过程中应着重分类记忆每个人称对应的主格、宾格、物主代词及反身代词可详见下表：一、代词语法的基本框架代词可以分为以下七大类1人称代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代词形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some5疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a   little,other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either形容词性物主代词的相关短语all one’s life 某人一生，终生change one’s mind 改变某人的主意lose one’s life 某人丧生take one’s time 不着急，慢慢来with one’s help 在某人的帮助下do/try one’s best 尽某人最大的努力lose one’s way 某人迷路hold one’s breath 某人屏住呼吸make up one’s mind 某人下定决心to one’s surprise 令某人感到惊讶的是反身代词的相关短语dress oneself自己穿衣服by oneself单独地，独自地keep sth. to oneself保密prove oneself证明自己enjoy oneself玩得愉快hurt oneself伤害自己for oneself为自己，亲自come to oneself 恢复，苏醒lose oneself失去自我help oneself (to)自用（食物等）teach oneself=learn by oneself自学不定代词用法注意点1. one, some与any1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。Would you like some bananas?      Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。I have read this article in some magazine.      Please correct the mistakes, if any.2. each和everyeach强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.3. none和nono等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.4. other和another1) other泛指“另外的，别的”the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).Some like football, while others like basketball.5. all和both, neither和eitherall表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.6. little 几乎没有 修饰 不可数名词a little 一些  修饰 不可数名词few 几乎没有 修饰 可数名词a few 一些   修饰 可数名词7. 复合不定代词复合不定代词的辨析及复合不定代词与形容词的位置关系上。解答不定代词的辨析类试题，首先要分析语境或找出句中的关键词，并明确代词所指代的对象：①指代人还是指代物；②肯定概念还是否定概念；③有没有固定句型。因此考生在复习过程中应掌握复合不定代词的基本用法。二、代词在选择题中的运用当选项同为人称代词（I，she, you, he），物主代词(my, his, her, your)或反身代词（himself, herself, myself, yourself）时，根据句子中的提示词或已给出的人称来判断空格处相应的代词。如：能代表第三人称she以及相关形式的提示词有：lady， woman， mother， Miss, Mrs., sister, aunt， Lily, girl等等;能代表第三人称he以及相关形式的提示词有：gentleman, man, father, Mr., brother, uncle, boy等等1—Excuse me, what’s your name?—_____ name is Betty.A. My    B. His    C. Her    D. Your【答案】A【解析】考查物主代词词义辨析。句意“打扰一下，请问你叫什么名字？”“____名字是贝蒂。”四个选项都为形容词性物主代词。根据句子中的”your”可知，问的对象是你，所以回合时主语应该是“我”，此处是指“我的名字是贝蒂”。故选A。2.Each time I listen to Erquan Yingyue, a picture of _____ sad beauty appears in my mind.A. it    B. its    C. it’s    D. itself【答案】B【解析】考查代词的用法。句意为：每次我听《二泉映月》时一幅凄美的画面就出现在我的脑海里。分析句子结构，空格处需修饰限定后面的名词beauty，故用形容词性物主代词its。故选B。3.Help _____ to food and drinks, boys and girls!A. yours    B. you    C. your    D. yourselves【答案】D【解析】考查人称代词词义辨析。句意：男孩和女孩们！随意吃食物、喝饮料吧！help oneself to请自取……。再根据boys and girls可知为复数形式。故选D。4.Miss Zhang is _____ English teacher. She has taught in our school for ten years.A. me     B. my    C. I       D. mine【答案】B【解析】考查人称代词词义辨析。句意为:张小姐是____英语老师。她在我们学校教书10年了。根据句意可知此处是指“我的”英语老师，需用I的形容词性物主代词my修饰。故选B。5.This morning I forgot to bring food. And it’s kind of you to share _____ with me.A. you     B. yours     C. my    D. mine【答案】B【解析】考查人称代词词义辨析。句意为：今天早晨我忘记带食物了。你真好，和我分享____。you你（们），人称代词主格或宾格；yours你（们）的，名词性物主代词；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词。由句意可知，空格处指物，故应用能够替代 your food的名词性物主代词。故选B。6.Whenever Mary reads an interesting story, she can’t keep it to _____ and wants to share it with her friends.A. she    B. her    C. hers    D. herself【答案】D【解析】考查人称代词词义辨析。句意为：无论什么时候玛丽读到一则有趣的故事，她都不能独享，并且想跟她的朋友们分享。she她，代词主格；her她，人物代词宾格或形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词；herself她自己，反身代词。keep… to oneself为固定用法，意为“保守秘密”，故选D。7.—Which city would you like to live in, Beijing or Shanghai?—____. I’d like to choose Kunming.A. Either    B. Both    C. Neither    D. None【答案】C【解析】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意“你想住在哪座城市，北京还是上海？”“____。我会选择昆明。”Either二者之一；Both二者都；Neither二者都不；None没有一个，常指对三者或三者以上事物或人的否定。从“I’d like to choose Kunming.”可知是对前面两座城市的否定。因此，Neither符合语境。故选C。8.—Can you speak Chinese, Steve?—Yes, only ____. I have been in China for only one month.A. few B. a few   C. little    D. a little【答案】D【解析】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意为“史蒂夫，你会说汉语吗？”“是的，只____。我在中国仅仅待了一个月。”few几乎没有(修饰可数名词复数)；a few一些、几个(修饰可数名词复数)；little几乎没有(修饰不可数名词)；a little一点儿(修饰不可数名词)。根据答语“Yes”以及“I have been in China for only one month.” 可知他会说，但会得不多，汉语是不可数名词，所以用a little。故选D。9.—How did you get the MP4, from a shop or by phone?— ____. I always like shopping online.A. None    B. Neither    C. Both    D. All【答案】B【解析】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意为“你是如何买的这个MP4，从商店还是通过电话？” “____。我总是喜欢网购。”None（三者或三者以上）都不；Neither两者都不；Both两者都；All(三者或三者以上)都。根据答语 “I always like shopping online.”可推知既不是从商店买的，也不是通过电话买的，二者都不是。故选B。10.—Would you like to play basketball or football?— ____ is OK. I am good at both of them, so it’s up to you.A. Either    B. Neither    C. Both    D. All【答案】A【解析】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：这道题是这么难，以至于____学生能回答上来。根据前【解析】考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意为“你想打篮球还是踢足球？”都可以。两个我都擅长，所以你决定。Either表示两者中任意一者；Neither表示两者都不；Both表示两者都；All表示三者或三者以上都。根据答语“I am good at both of them, so it’s up to you.”可知，此处表示两者中任意一个都可以。故选A。文“so difficult”可知后半句表示否定含义，且students为可数名词复数。故选A。11—I don’t know how to do. Any good suggestions?—Don’t always think of yourself, and you should also think of ____.A. the other    B. another    C. others    D. other【答案】C【解析】考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意为“我不知道该怎么做。（你）有好的建议吗？” “不要总想着你自己，你应该为____着想。” the other两者中的另一个；another三者及三者以上的另一个；others其他的人/物；other别的，其他的。根据句意可知此处指“其他人”。故选C。12.My twin brothers promised my parents to give up playing computer games, but ____ of them made it.A. either    B. both    C. none    D. neither【答案】D【解析】考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意为：我的两个双胞胎哥哥（弟弟）向我的父母许诺放弃玩电脑游戏，但是他们____做到。either表示两者中的任何一个；both表示两者都；none表示三者或三者以上都不；neither表示两者都不。根据本句中关键词twin brothers可知是两个人，所以首先排除C，同时由转折连词but可知两个哥哥（弟弟）都没有实现他们的诺言。故选D。13.Most students are playing on the playground and there are still ____ students staying in the classroom．A. a few    B. few    C. a little    D. little【答案】A【解析】考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意：大部分学生正在操场上玩，还有____学生待在教室。a few修饰可数名词复数，表肯定；few修饰可数名词复数，表否定；a little修饰不可数名词，表肯定；little修饰不可数名词，表否定。由句意可知是指“还有一些学生待在教室里”。故选A。14.____ of my time is spent on learning. So I have made much progress in my study.A. Many     B. Much    C. Few    D. A few【答案】B【解析】考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意为：我大多数的时间都花费在学习上。所以我在学习上取得了很大进步。time为不可数名词，故选B。15.There is ___ juice in the fridge. I must go to the supermarket at once to buy some.A. much      B. a few      C. little      D. many【答案】C【解析】考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意：冰箱里 果汁。我必须立即去超市买一些。根据后一句“立即去超市买一些”可知，冰箱里几乎没有果汁了，表示否定意义，juice为不可数名词。故选C。16.—It’s sunny outside. Why not go out and have a look?—There ____ is  here. I just want to have a rest.A. nothing special                   B. something newC. everything amazing           D. anything similar【答案】A【解析】考查复合不定代词的用法。句意“外边天气晴朗。为什么不出去看看呢？”“这里____。我只想休息一下。”nothing special没什么特别的；something new一些新的东西；everything amazing令人惊奇的事情；anything similar任何相似的事情。根据后句“I just want to have a rest.我只想休息一下。（不想去看）”可知此处表达没什么特别的。故选A。17.—Where would you like to go this Mid-Autumn Festival?—I’d like to go ____.A. everywhere relaxing    B. somewhere relaxingC. peaceful anywhere       D. peaceful somewhere【答案】B【解析】考查复合不定副词的用法。句意“这个中秋节你想去哪里？”“我想去____。”地点副词与形容词连用时，形容词后置，排除选项C、D。everywhere relaxing使人放松的每个地方；somewhere relaxing使人放松的某个地方。结合句意可知选B。18.—Much personal information is stolen when people buy things on the Internet.—Terrible!  _____ must be done to keep the Internet safety.A. Everything     B. Anything     C. Something    D. Nothing【答案】C【解析】考查复合不定代词词义辨析。句意为“许多用户的信息在他们网上购物时被窃取了。”“真糟糕！____必须做 来保证网络安全。”Everything每件事；Anything任何事；Something一些事；Nothing没有事。根据语境及常理可知应该做一些事来保证网络安全。故选C。19.I find ____ necessary to learn about the customs of a country before you go there.A. that B. this      C. it         D. one【答案】C【解析】考查指示代词的用法。句意:我发现在去一个国家前,学习那个国家的风俗习惯很有必要。that那,那个，表远指;this这,这个，表近指;it它,指代上文提到的对象;one一件,代表与上文同一类但不同一的事物。根据句意可知此处应是固定句型:find + it + adj. + to do sth.,表示“发现做某事……”,其中it是形式宾语,动词不定式作真正的宾语。故选C。20—Hello, Linda speaking. Who’s ____?—Hello, this is Martin.A. it   B. one    C. that   D. this【答案】C【解析】考查指示代词的用法。句意为“你好，我是琳达。____是谁？”“你好，我是马丁。”打电话，询问对方是谁用that，故选C。三、代词在正确形式填空题中的运用根据语境判断填人称代词宾格的判断方法：①动词后作宾语②介词后作宾语。填物主代词的判断方法：①空格后有名词填形容词性物主代词；②固定短语(try one’s best)③动词或系动词后填形容词性物主代词。1.Last week the students went skating and enjoyed __________ very much. (them)【答案】themselves【解析】句意：上周，学生们去滑冰了并且玩得非常开心。enjoy oneself玩得开心，因主语为the students，故填themselves。2.On my last birthday, my brother bought _____ a book as a gift.(I)【答案】me【解析】句意：在我的上一个生日，我的哥哥给买了一本书作为礼物。bought是动词，后面跟代词宾格形式作宾语，I的宾格形式为me。故填me。3.    So far, our football team has won every match this year. That makes _____ feel proud.(we)【答案】us【解析】句意：至今，我们的足球队已经赢了，今年的每场比赛。这令我们骄傲。make为动词，后面跟代词宾格形式作宾语，we的宾格形式是us。故填us。4.    Your classroom is on the second floor and ______ is on the third floor.(we)【答案】ours【解析】句意:你们的教室在二楼，____在三楼。根据and可知，前后都指教室。此处指我们的教室，题干没有出现classroom，所以要用名词性物主代词ours,故填ours。5.    The two girls helped a woman find her lost son on _______ way home. (they)【答案】their【解析】句意：在____回家的路上，这两个女孩帮助一位女士找到了她走失的儿子。on one's way home，意为“在某人回家的路上”，they的形容词性物主代词为their。故填their。6.We shouldn’t take these game shows too seriously while watching _____.(they)【答案】them【解析】句意：当我们观看这些游戏节目时，我们不应该太严肃地看待。动词后跟人称代词宾格形式，故填them。7.If you are visiting a patient in hospital, you’d better  keep ______ voice down and do not disturb others.(you)【答案】your【解析】句意：如果你正在看望住院的病人，你最好把____声音放低，不要打扰其他人。根据句意可知此处是指“你的”声音, 应用you的形容词性物主代词。故填your。8.To _____ surprise, all my friends came to my birthday party. (I)【答案】my【解析】句意：令____惊喜的是，我所有的朋友都来我的生日聚会了。to one’s surprise意为“令某人惊讶的是”，应填形容词性物主代词。故填my。四、代词在句子中的运用it的常用句型（1）作形式主语：It is+ adj. +（for sb.） to do sth.对某人来说做某事是怎么样的。It takes/took sb.some time/money to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱。It’s+adj.+that从句。如：（2）作形式宾语：常用在动词find, think, make, consider, feel等词后。练一练（一）完成句子1.Both                     are working at that computer company.我和他都在那家电脑公司上班2.There is                             on the table. 桌子上有一些美味的东西3.Would you like                        to eat?我想要一些吃的4.         took me three hours                   this work.完成这项工作花费了我3个小时。5.It’s normal                      they have different .他们有不同的看法，这很正常。6.It is                   for us to                     . 努力工作对我们来说很重要。7.Do you think                    necessary to learn                    ?　你认为学会烹饪很有必要吗？【答案】1.he and I  2. something delicious  3. something4. It  to finish5.  that views  6.important work hard7. it cooking（二）翻译句子1.他的习惯和我的相同。2.请随便吃一些蔬菜。3.外面雨下得很大。4.学英语对我们很重要。5.这得天气和北京的不同。6.我有两把笔，一把是红的，另一把是黑的。7.我还需要三个小时才能完成这项工作。【答案】1.His hobby is different from mine2.Help yourself to some vegetables3.It is raining heavily outside4.It is important for us to learn English5.The wealth here is different from that in Beijing6.I have two pens ， one is red the other is bleak7.I need another three hours to finish the work五、代词在语篇中的运用I’m Tom. I 'm from NO.1 middle school. In my school, students are usually interested in sports. Some like running ;       1      (一些) like swimming       2      (其他的) like ball games. But     3      (我的) interest is different from       4     (他们的). I like reading. There are quite      5     (一些) old books on the shelf , but    6      (没有) of them is useful to      7      (我).I always        8         (自学) on the internet. I have three friends in China.      9          (都)of them are famous doctors, but         10      没有 of them has been to Britain. I really want to go to China to meet        11        (我的一些朋友)and eat      12         (一些不同). I think we will                  (玩的开心).【答案】1. Some    2 others    3.mine4.theirs     5.a few     6.none7.me     8.teach myself9. All     10.none11.some friends of mine12. something different