雅思阅读是非无题型
在雅思阅读中，对于学生而言，是非无题型是可难可易的题型，甚至对于有些高分学生来说，最后觉得比较容易错的也是这个题型。其实，我觉得主要是由于中国和外国教育方式的不一样所造成的，中国教育强调学生运用联想从字里行间推出作者的意图，而外国教育强调文章字面的直接含义，这就间接地造成中国学生对于雅思阅读的做题方法不适应，导致学生容易在FALSE和NOT GIVEN之间混淆，进而误选失分。本文将围绕3条关于是非无题型的考点判断技巧进行讲述，同时培养学生的直线思维模式，希望能给学生带来一些益处。
一、谓语和宾语或者状语
在判断句子考点时，对于由简单主谓宾组成的句子，考察的重点一般是动词和宾语，特别是对于有修饰词的动词，一般起到决定作用。(对于主语考察，因为在真题中出现频率较少，此处暂时忽略这一类别)对于这类题目，学生主要能根据定位词找出相对应的句子，然后把题目中所关注的动宾结构和文章中相对应的点进行匹配分析。如果两点匹配完美，那么答案为TRUE, 如果两点意义相反，答案即为FALSE, 如没有对应的点在文章当中，那么答案即为NOT GIVEN。
文章：Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer---lexical as well as social and commercial. (C5T1P1)
题目：The growing importance of the middle classes led to an increased demand for dictionaries. (TRUE)
文章：The indigenous peoples of Tasmania were only able to count one, two, many; those of South Africa counted one, two, two and one, two twos, two twos and one, and so on. (C6T2P3)
题目：Indigenous Tasmanians used only four terms to indicate numbers of objects. (FALSE)
文章：Yet there is a dark side to this picture: despite our progress, half of the world’s population still suffers, with water services inferior to those available to the ancient Greeks and Romans. (C7T1P1)
题目：Modern water systems imitate those of the ancient Greeks and Romans. (NOT GIVEN)
文章：The explosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people’s preferences as to where they live. (C6T2P1)
题目：In Melbourne, people prefer to live in the outer suburbs. (FALSE)
二、做比较
此类题目考察的情况共有2类。最常见的考点为句中两者比较后的结果，其中包含三种答案：如果不能在文章中找到相对应的比较，则答案为NOT GIVEN, 当可以在文章中找到相对应的比较，如果比较结果一致，答案为TRUE, 如果比较结果相反(包括跟文章中的比较结果相反或者是两个对象比较结果一致)，答案为FALSE。第二类考点为两者所比较的内容，如果文章中对两个对象做了很多方面的比较，学生需要准确的找到题目和文章中所对应的比较的内容，进而得出正确答案。
第一类：
文章：At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial world today. (C7T1P1)
题目：Water use person is higher in the industrial world than it was in Ancient Rome. (FALSE)
文章：According to a recent study by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), more than 300 species of agricultural pests have developed resistance to a wide range of potent chemicals. Not to be left behind are the disease-spreading pests, about 100species of which have become immune to a variety of insecticides now in use. (C8T4P2)
题目：Disease-spreading pests respond more quickly to pesticides than agricultural pests do. (NOT GIVEN)
第二类：
文章：Large sample international comparisons of pupils’ attainments since the 1960s have established that not only did Japanese pupils at age 13 have better scores of average attainment, but there was also a larger proportion of 'low’ attainers in England, where, incidentally, the variation in attainment scores was much greater. (C8T4P1)
题目：There is a wider range of achievement amongst English pupils studying maths than amongst their Japanese counterparts. (TRUE)
三、从句
从句的考察在雅思阅读中出现频率不多，但是很容易让考生掉入陷阱进而错选，这也是为什么要专门提出这一块给考生分析。这一块主要分析一下因果关系这一类别，通过这一类的分析激发学生思维，让学生可以了解这一块的特别之处，然后可以发散思维，不局限于此。
在因果关系中，学生经常会错选NOT GIVEN来代替FALSE, 因为在做题分析中，文章常会给出另一个原因来引出所得结果，所以学生会以为文章没有给出所谓原因，进而错选NOT GIVEN。但是其实文章有讨论到关于这个结果的原因，只是给出了一个错误的原因，所以答案反而应该是FALSE。
文章：An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested.
题目：The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine. (FALSE)
总结，在做题中，考生应主要以题目和文章对应内容为依据，进行匹配和对应，抛弃原来固有的思考方式，运用直线式思维模式，尽量避免在思考当中运用联想来做题。通过这样的方法不断练习，相信考生可以在经验的累积下，努力改变思考方式进而提前适应外国思维方式，到了国外后能更好地学习和生活。(朗阁海外考试研究中心 金小洁)