TED演讲 | 如何跟意见不同的人交朋友？——打破自己的过滤气泡

演讲者：Joan Blades and John Gable

演讲题目：Free yourself from your filter bubbles

  中英文对照翻译

Joan Blades: Do you have politically diverse friends? What do you talk about with them? I m a progressive; I live in a town full of progressives, and 15 years ago, I didn t have any conservative friends. Now I have a wonderful mix of friends, and they include John.

乔安妮·布雷德：你是否有各种政治倾向的朋友？你和他们都谈什么？我是改革派；我住在都是进步人士的小镇中，十五年前，我没有任何保守派的朋友。现在，我有各种政治倾向的好朋友，包括约翰在内。

John Gable: I am not a progressive. I m a Republican who grew up in a Republican family in the conservative South, and even worked in Republican politics, locally and at the national level. But the last 24 years, I ve been in technology and living in a very progressive area. So I have a lot of progressive friends, including Joan.

约翰·盖博：我不是改革派。我是共和党，在共和党家庭中长大，我家在保守的南方，我甚至在共和党政治圈工作，地方性和全国性的层级都有。但，过去24年，我都在科技业，且住在非常改革派的区域。我有很多改革派的朋友，包括乔安妮。

Joan Blades: I was born in Berkeley, California, a notoriously progressive college town. And I live there now. In 1998, six months into the Monica Lewinsky-Clinton impeachment scandal, I helped cofoundMoveOn.org with a one-sentence petition: 'Congress must immediately censure the president and move on to pressing issues facing the nation.'

乔安妮：我在加州柏克莱出生，一个以改革派闻名的大学镇。我现在也住在那里。1998年，莱文斯基丑闻过后半年，我协助共同创立了MoveOn.org（走下去.org），请愿只有一句话：「国会必须要立即谴责总统，然后就继续走下去，去处理国家面临的迫切议题。」

Now, that was actually a very unifying petition in many ways. You could love Clinton or hate Clinton and agree that the best thing for the country was to move on.

其实在许多层面上，那是个很统一的请愿。你也许爱柯林顿，也许恨柯林顿，但都能同意对国家最好的做法就是走下去。

As the leader of MoveOn, I saw the polarization just continue. And I found myself wondering why I saw things so differently than many people in other parts of the country. So in 2005, when I had an opportunity to get together with grassroots leaders across the political divide, I grabbed it.

身为MoveOn的领导人，我看到两极化仍然持续着。我发现，我很纳闷，为什么我和美国其他地区的许多人，在看事情的角度上有这么大的不同？所以，2005年，我有机会跟一些跨政治分裂的草根领导人聚会，我抓住了机会。

And I became friends with a lot of people I never had a chance to talk to before. And that included leadership in the Christian Coalition, often seen as on the right the way MoveOn is seen as on the left. And this lead to me showing up on Capitol Hill with one of the Christian Coalition leaders, my friend, to lobby for net neutrality.

我和许多人成为朋友，我以前都没机会和这些人说话。包括了美国基督徒联盟的领导阶层，他们被视为右派，而MoveOn被视为左派。这导致我出现在国会山庄，同行的是美国基督徒联盟的一位领导者，也是我的朋友，去游说网络中立性。

That was powerful. We turned heads. So this work was transformational for me. And I found myself wondering: How could vast numbers of people have the opportunity to really connect with people that have very different views?

那很强大。我们引起了注意。这份工作转化了我。我发现我在纳闷：为什么这么多人有机会可以真正和人连结，却有如此不同的观点？

John Gable: I was born Oneida, Tennessee, right across the state border from a small coal mining town, Stearns, Kentucky. And I lived there for the first few years of my life, before moving to another small town, Frankfort, Kentucky. Basically, I grew up in small-town America, conservative at its heart. Now, Stearns and Berkeley -- they re a little different.

约翰：我生在田纳西的奥奈达，横越州边界，来自一个煤矿小镇，肯塔基的斯特恩斯。我人生中的前几年住在那里，接着搬到另一个小镇，肯塔基的法兰克福。基本上，我在美国小镇中长大，从骨子里就很保守。斯特恩斯和柏克莱－它们有点不同。

So in the  90s I moved out west to a progressive area to work in technology -- worked at Microsoft, worked at Netscape. I actually became the product manager lead for Netscape Navigator, the first popular web browser.

在九十年代，我搬出去，到了西边的改革派地区，去科技业工作－在微软工作，在网景工作。我真的当上了「网景领航员」的产品经理，那是第一个普及的网络浏览器。

Now in the early days of the internet, we were just moved and inspired by a vision: when we re connected to all these different people around the world and all these different ideas, we ll be able to make great decisions, and we ll be able to appreciate each other for the beautiful diversity that the whole world has to offer. Now I also, 20 years ago, gave a speech saying it might not work out that way, that we might actually be trained to discriminate against each other in new ways.

在因特网的初期，我们是被一个远景给感动和鼓舞的：当我们能够与全世界各种不同的人、不同的想法连结，我们将能够做出很好的决策，我们将能够欣赏彼此，欣赏世界所带给我们的美好多样性。二十年前，我也做过一次演说，说将来可能不会是那样的，我们可能其实会被训练成用新的方式歧视彼此。

So what happened? It s not like we just woke up one day and decided to hate each other more. Here s what happened. There s just too much noise -- too many people, too many ideas -- so we use technology to filter it out a little bit. And what happens? It lets in ideas I already agree with. It lets in the popular ideas, it lets in people just like me who think just like me. That sounds kind of good, right?

所以，发生了什么事？并不是我们有一天醒来就决定要再多恨彼此一点。发生的状况是这样的。有太多噪音了－太多人、太多想法－所以我们用科技来一点一点过滤。接着发生什么事？我放行的是我已经认同的想法。普及的想法会被放行，和我一样的人，想法和我一样的人会被放行。听起来很好，对吗？

Well, not necessarily, because two very scary things happen when we have such narrow worldviews. First, we become more extreme in our beliefs. Second, we become less tolerant of anybody who s different than we are. Does this sound familiar? Does this sound like modern America? The modern world?

不见得，因为当我们的世界观这么狭窄时，有两件很可怕的事发生了。第一，我们在信念上变得很极端。第二，对于和我们不同的人，我们的容忍度降低了。听起来很耳熟吗？听起来像是现代美国吗？现代世界？

Well, the good news is that technology is changing, and it could change for the better. And that s, in fact, why Is tarted AllSides.com -- to create technologies and services to free us from these filter bubbles. The very first thing we did was create technology that identifies bias, so we could show different perspectives side by side to free us from the filter bubbles of news media. And then I met Joan.

好消息是，科技在改变，它能变得更好。事实上，那就是为什么我创造了AllSides.com（所有各方.com），为了创造出能将我们从过滤泡泡中解放的技术和服务。我们做的第一件事就是创造出能辨别偏见的技术，这样我们才能把不同的观点一起呈现，让我们脱离新闻媒体的过滤泡泡。接着，我遇到了乔安妮。

Joan Blades: So I met John outside of Washington, DC, with an idealistic group of cross-partisan bridge builders, and we wanted to re-weave the fabric of our communities. We believe that our differences can be a strength, that our values can be complimentary and that we have to overcome the fight so that we can honor everyone s values and not lose any of our own.

乔安妮：我在华盛顿特区外认识了约翰，还有一个理想主义团体，成员都是在建立跨越党派桥梁的人，我们想要重建我们社群的结构。我们相信，我们的歧见可以成为优势，我们的价值观可以是互补的，且我们得要克服这斗争，让我们能够尊重每个人的价值观，同时不失去自己的。

I went for this wonderful walk with John, where I started learning about the work he was doing to pierce the filter bubble. It was powerful; it was brilliant. Living in separate narratives is not good. We can t even have a conversation or do collaborative problem-solving when we don t share the same facts.

我和约翰的对谈非常美好，谈话中，我开始了解他做的工作，刺穿过滤泡泡。那很强大；那很出色。住在不同的故事当中并非好事。当我们没有共同的事实时，我们甚至无法交谈或是共同解决问题。

John Gable: So one thing you take away from today is if Joan Blades asks you to go on a walk, go on that walk.

约翰：所以，今天你们能学到的是，如果乔安妮布雷德请你去散步，那就去散步。

It changed things. It really changed the way I was thinking about things. To free ourselves from the filter bubbles, we can t just think about information filter bubbles, but also relationship and social filter bubbles. You see, we human beings -- we re not nearly as smart as we think we are.

它会造成改变。它真的改变了我对事物的看法。要让我们脱离过滤泡泡，我们不能只想着信息过滤泡泡，还要去想关系以及社交过滤泡泡。我们人类没有自己想的那么聪明。

We don t generally make decisions intellectually. We make the memotionally, intuitively, and then we use our big old brains to rationalize anything we want to rationalize. We re not really like Vulcans like Mr. Spock, we re more like bold cowboys like Captain Kirk, or passionate idealists like Dr. McCoy. OK, for those of y all who prefer the new 'Star Trek' crew, here you go.

我们通常不会做出明智的决策。我们的决策是情绪的、直觉的，然后再用又大又老的脑袋来把我们想合理化的一切给合理化。我们并不像瓦肯人，不像史巴克，我们较像鲁莽的牛仔，像柯克舰长，或是热情的理想主义者，像老骨头麦考伊。如果你们比较喜欢新的《星舰迷航记》成员，那就给你们吧。

Joan Blades: Don t forget the strong women!

乔安妮：别忘了坚强的女性们！

John Gable: Come on, strong women. OK.

约翰：来吧，坚强的女性。

Joan Blades: All right.

乔安妮：好。

John and I are both 'Star Trek' fans. What s not to love about a future with that kind of optimism?

约翰和我都是《星舰迷航记》迷。有着那种乐观主义的未来，怎么会不让人喜欢？

John Gable: And having a good future in mind is a big deal -- very important. And understanding what the problem is is very important. But we have to do something. So what do we do? It s actually not that hard. We have to add diversity to our lives -- not just information, but relationship diversity.

约翰：心中有个美好的未来是至关紧要的——非常重要。了解问题是什么，是非常重要的。但我们得要采取行动。我们要怎么做？其实没有那么难。我们得在我们的生活中加入多样性——不只是信息，还有关系的多样性。

And by diversity, I mean big 'D' diversity, not just racial and gender, which are very important, but also ... diversity of age, like young and old; rural and urban; liberal and conservative; in the US, Democrat and Republican. Now, one of the great examples of somebody freeing themselves from their filter bubbles and getting a more diverse life is, once again, next to me -- Joan.

我所指的多样性是很广泛的，种族和性别是很重要，但不只这些，还有…年龄的多样性，比如年轻及年迈、郊区及市区、自由及保守，还有在美国的民主党及共和党。有一个很棒的例子可以说明人要如何脱离他们的过滤泡泡，提高人生中的多样性，这例子又是，我旁边的乔安妮。

Joan Blades: So the question is: Who among you has had relationships lost or harmed due to differences in politics, religion or whatever? Raise your hands. Yeah. This year I have talked to so many people that have experienced that kind of loss. I ve seen tears well up in people s eyes as they talk about family members from whom they re estranged.

乔安妮：所以，问题是：在座各位有谁遇过因为政治、宗教、或其他歧见而造成关系断绝或受损？请举手。好。今年，我和好多人谈过，他们都经历过这种损失。我见过人们在谈他们疏远的家人时眼中泛着泪光。

Living Room Conversations were designed to begin to heal political and personal differences. They re simple conversations where two friends with different viewpoints each invite two friends for structured conversation, where everyone s agreed to some simple ground rules: curiosity, listening, respect, taking turns -- everything we learned inkin dergarten, right? Really easy.

「客厅对谈」的设计目的是要治愈政治和个人的歧见。它们是很简单的对谈，观点不同的两位朋友，各自邀请两位朋友，来做结构性的对谈，对谈的每个人都要同意遵守简单的基本规则：好奇心、倾听、尊重、轮流－都是我们在幼儿园学到的，对吧？很简单。

So by the time you re talking about the to picyou ve agreed to talk about, you actually have the sense that, 'You know, I kind of like this person,' and you listen to each other differently. That s kind of a human condition; we listen differently to people we care about. And then there s reflection and possibly next steps.

所以，当你在谈论你同意要谈的话题时，你其实会感觉到：「你知道吗，我还算喜欢这个人。」且你会用不同的方式倾听彼此。那是一种人性，我们会用不同方式倾听我们在乎的人。接着会有反思，可能会有后续步骤。

This is a deep listening practice; it s never a debate. And that s incredibly powerful. These conversations in our own living rooms with people who have different view pointsare an incredible adventure. We rediscover that we can respect and even love people that are different from us. And it s powerful.

这是深度倾听的练习，从来就不是辩论。那是非常强大的。在我们自家客厅和不同观点的人所做的这些交谈，是场非常棒的冒险。我们重新发现，我们能够尊重和我们不同的人，甚至去爱他们。这很强大。

John Gable: So, what are you curious about?

约翰：所以，你对什么感到好奇？

Joan Blades: What s the conversation you yearn to have?

乔安妮：你渴望交谈的是什么？

John Gable: Let s do this together. Together.

约翰：咱们一起来这样做。同心协力。

Joan Blades: Yes.

乔安妮：是的。

Joan Blades and John Gable: Thank you.

乔安妮和约翰：谢谢。