PNAS: EGT2 编码一个不育的含有 α 基序的蛋白质,控制大麦和小麦的根生长角度
到目前为止,利用根系性状在植物育种中的潜力仍然很大。在本研究中,我们克隆了大麦的ENHANCED gravropism2 (EGT2)基因,该基因编码一个含有不育ALPHA MOTIF结构域的蛋白。我们证明EGT2是响应重力调节根系生长角度的关键基因,它在大麦和小麦中是保守的,可能是谷物作物改良的一个有前景的靶点。
根的生长角度决定了根是如何向重力方向生长的,是根系结构最重要的决定因素之一。。它控制着作物的吸水能力、养分利用效率、抗逆性以及产量。我们证明,与野生型植物相比,大麦egt2(向重力性增强2)突变体的种子根和侧根生长更为陡峭,且与生长素无关的对重力的响应更高。我们通过大量分离分析和全基因组测序相结合的方法克隆了EGT2基因。随后通过一个独立的CRISPR/Cas9突变等位基因进行的验证实验表明,egt2编码一个含有无菌α基序结构域的蛋白质。原位杂交实验表明,EGT2从根冠到延伸区均有表达。我们通过敲除四倍体硬粒小麦A和B基因组中的EGT2同源基因,证明了EGT2在大麦和小麦根系生长角控制中的进化保守作用。通过将激光捕获显微切割与RNA测序相结合,我们观察到七个扩张蛋白基因在延伸区转录下调。这与EGT2在根的这个区域中的作用一致,在这个区域中,重力感应的作用是通过细胞的差异伸长来实现的。我们的研究结果表明,EGT2是大麦和小麦根系生长角的一个进化保守调节因子,可能是基于根系的谷物作物改良策略的一个有价值的目标。
The root growth angle defines how roots grow toward the gravity vector and is among the most important determinants of root system architecture. It controls water uptake capacity, nutrient use efficiency, stress resilience, and, as a consequence, yield of crop plants. We demonstrated that the egt2 (enhanced gravitropism 2) mutant of barley exhibits steeper root growth of seminal and lateral roots and an auxin-independent higher responsiveness to gravity compared to wild-type plants. We cloned the EGT2 gene by a combination of bulked-segregant analysis and whole genome sequencing. Subsequent validation experiments by an independent CRISPR/Cas9 mutant allele demonstrated that egt2 encodes a STERILE ALPHA MOTIF domain–containing protein. In situ hybridization experiments illustrated that EGT2 is expressed from the root cap to the elongation zone. We demonstrated the evolutionary conserved role of EGT2 in root growth angle control between barley and wheat by knocking out the EGT2 orthologs in the A and B genomes of tetraploid durum wheat. By combining laser capture microdissection with RNA sequencing, we observed that seven expansin genes were transcriptionally down-regulated in the elongation zone. This is consistent with a role of EGT2 in this region of the root where the effect of gravity sensing is executed by differential cell elongation. Our findings suggest that EGT2 is an evolutionary conserved regulator of root growth angle in barley and wheat that could be a valuable target for root-based crop improvement strategies in cereals.
PNAS August 31, 2021 118 (35) e2101526118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101526118
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